ดาน

daan

Meanings

1AdjectiveB2

hard; hardened

hard, solid, or hardened (often used to describe soil, earth, or a physical mass)

Examples

ดินdinดินdin1soil; earth; dirt2the ground; land (surface)3clay; earthen material4earth (electrical)บริเวณนี้bɔɔ-rí-ween-níiบริเวณนี้bɔɔ-rí-ween-níithis area; around hereเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ดินดานdin-daanดินดานdin-daanhardpan; compacted hard soil layerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ต้นไม้dtôn-máaiต้นไม้dtôn-máai1tree2plants/greenery (general, esp. woody plants)ไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)โตdtooโตdtoo1[to] grow; mature2big; large; grown-up
The soil in this area is hardpan, making it difficult for trees to grow.
3 more examples
พ่อpɔ̂ɔต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiจอบjɔ̀ɔpขุดkùtดินdinที่tîiแข็งkɛ̌ngเป็นbpenดานdaanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเตรียมdtriiamแปลงปลูกbplɛɛng-bplùukผักpàk
Dad had to use a hoe to dig the hardened earth to prepare the vegetable plot.
รากrâakของkɔ̌ɔngต้นไม้ใหญ่dtôn-máai-yàiไม่สามารถmâi-sǎa-mâatไชchaiทะลุtá-lúชั้นดินดานchán-din-daanลงไปlong-bpaiหาhǎaน้ำใต้ดินnáam-dtâai-dinได้dâai
The roots of the large tree cannot penetrate through the hardpan layer to reach the ground water.
การปรับปรุงgaan-bpràp-bprungดินdinที่tîiแข็งkɛ̌ngเป็นbpenดานdaanต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้เวลาchái-wee-laaและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngใส่sàiปุ๋ยbpǔiอินทรีย์in-siiจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâakเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiดินร่วนซุยdin-rûuan-suiขึ้นkʉ̂n
Improving hardened soil takes time and requires adding a large amount of organic fertilizer to make it more friable.
2AdjectiveB2

callous; hard-hearted

unfeeling, unkind, or not easily moved by other people's feelings; used figuratively of a person's character or heart

Examples

ทำไมtam-maiทำไมtam-mai1why (question word)2why (expressing disbelief/complaint)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillถึงtʉ̌ngถึงtʉ̌ng1to; until; up to2[to] arrive; reach3to; toward (recipient/goal)4even if; even though5as much as; as many as; to the point of6only then; then as a result (informal)7about; concerning; regardingได้ใจdâai-jaiได้ใจdâai-jai1win someone's heart; win favor2get carried away; become overconfidentดานdaanดานdaan1hard; hardened2callous; hard-hearted3wooden bolt; door barขนาดนี้kà-nàat-níiขนาดนี้kà-nàat-níi1this size; of this size (modifier)2this big/size (used alone)3to this extent; this much; so …ปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâiปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâi1[to] let; allow (sb/sth to do/happen)2[to] leave/let (sb/sth) remain in a state; neglectเด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)ร้องไห้rɔ́ɔng-hâaiร้องไห้rɔ́ɔng-hâai[to] cry; weepขอkɔ̌ɔขอkɔ̌ɔ1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forความช่วยเหลือkwaam-chûuai-lʉ̌ʉaความช่วยเหลือkwaam-chûuai-lʉ̌ʉahelp; assistance; aidได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerลงคอlong-kɔɔลงคอlong-kɔɔ1[to] go down the throat; be able to swallow [sth]2[to] bring oneself to do [sth]; have the heart to do [sth]
Why is he so hard-hearted, letting a crying child beg for help like that?
3 more examples
ฉันchǎnไม่mâiอยากyàakกลายเป็นglaai-bpenคนkonใจjaiดานdaanที่tîiเพิกเฉยpə̂ək-chə̌əiต่อdtɔ̀ɔความทุกข์kwaam-túkของkɔ̌ɔngผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉn
I don't want to become an unfeeling person who ignores the suffering of others.
การใช้ชีวิตgaan-chái-chii-wítในnaiสภาพแวดล้อมsà-pâap-wɛ̂ɛt-lɔ́ɔmที่tîiโหดร้ายhòot-ráaiมาmaaอย่างยาวนานyàang-yaao-naanอาจàatทำให้tam-hâiคนเราkon-raoใจjaiดานdaanและlɛ́ด้านชาdâan-chaaต่อdtɔ̀ɔความเจ็บปวดkwaam-jèp-bpùuatไปbpaiได้dâai
Living in a cruel environment for a long time can make a person hard-hearted and numb to pain.
สังคมsăng-komประณามbprà-naamฆาตกรkâat-dtà-gonคนkonนั้นnánว่าwâaเป็นbpenคนkonใจjaiดานdaanอย่างยิ่งyàang yîngเพราะpráwเขาkăoไม่mâiแสดงsà-daengความรู้สึกผิดkwaam róo-sèuk pìtใดๆdai daiเลยloieหลังจากlăng jàakการก่อเหตุgaan gò hèt
Society condemns the murderer for being an extremely hard-hearted person, as he showed no remorse at all after committing the crime.
3NounC1

wooden bolt; door bar

a wooden bolt or bar used for fastening a door or window

Examples

ก่อนเข้านอนgɔ̀ɔn-kâo-nɔɔnก่อนเข้านอนgɔ̀ɔn-kâo-nɔɔnbefore bedtime; before going to sleepทุกคืนtúk-kʉʉnทุกคืนtúk-kʉʉnevery nightพ่อpɔ̂ɔพ่อpɔ̂ɔ1father; dad2sir; mister (rural/archaic)3prefix: male person; leader; father figureจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)คอยkɔɔiคอยkɔɔi1[to] wait (for [sb]/[sth])2keep (doing); regularly (do)3[to] be on standby; be readyลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alight7southward; down-country8[to] publish; post [sth] onlineดานdaanดานdaan1hard; hardened2callous; hard-hearted3wooden bolt; door barประตูหลังbprà-dtuu-lǎngประตูหลังbprà-dtuu-lǎng1back door; rear entrance2secret method; unofficial way3backdoor (computing)บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลัง5domestic; domesticated; cultivatedเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-pai1safety2securityเสมอsà-mə̌əเสมอsà-mə̌ə1always; invariably2constantly; habitually3equal; level; even4[to] draw; [to] tie
Every night before going to bed, Dad always bolts the back door for safety.
3 more examples
สมัยก่อนsà-măi gònบ้านเรือนไทยbâan reuuan taiไม่ได้ใช้mâi dâi cháiแม่กุญแจmâe gun-jaeเหล็กlèkแต่dtàeจะjàอาศัยaa-săiการขัดgaan kàtดานdaanไม้máiหนาๆnăa năaเพื่อpêuuaป้องกันbpông ganขโมยkà-mŏoy
In ancient times, Thai houses didn't use metal locks, but relied on thick wooden bolts to prevent theft.
บานประตูbaan-bprà-dtuuอุโบสถù-boo-sòtเก่าแก่gào-gɛ̀ɛถูกtùukขัดkàtไว้wáiด้วยdûuaiดานdaanไม้máaiสลักsà-làkลายlaaiขนาดkà-nàatมหึมาmá-hʉ̀-maaซึ่งsʉ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiชายฉกรรจ์chaai-chà-ganถึงtʉ̌ngสองsɔ̌ɔngคนkonในnaiการยกgaan-yók
The doors of the ancient sanctuary are secured with a massive carved wooden bolt, which requires two strong men to lift into place.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaพายุpaa-yúใหญ่yàiเริ่มrə̂əmตั้งเค้าdtâng-káoชายชราchaai-chá-raaก็gɔ̂รีบrîipเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanดานdaanไม้máaiอันanหนักอึ้งnàk-ʉ̂ngเข้าkâoขัดkàtบานประตูbaan-bprà-dtuuปิดbpìtตายdtaaiกระท่อมgrà-tɔ̂ɔmจากjàakสภาพอากาศsà-pâap-aa-gàatอันanเลวร้ายleeo-ráaiภายนอกpaai-nɔ̂ɔk
When the massive storm began to brew, the old man hurriedly slid the heavy wooden bolt into place, sealing the hut from the severe weather outside.

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Mid tone

daan

Level, in your normal speaking voice.

Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——