อึดอัด
ʉ̀t-àtMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
stuffy; cramped
physically uncomfortable due to poor ventilation or limited space
Examples
ห้องนี้hɔ̂ng-níiห้องนี้hɔ̂ng-níithis roomปิดbpìtปิดbpìt1[to] close; shut2[to] turn off; switch off3closed; shut; not open4[to] cover; seal5[to] block; conceal; suppress; withholdหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangหน้าต่างnâa-dtàang1window2window (computing)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)รู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)อึดอัดʉ̀t-àtอึดอัดʉ̀t-àt1stuffy; cramped2uncomfortable; constrained3awkward; ill at ease (social)4tight-chested; uncomfortable when breathing
This room has the windows closed; I feel uncomfortable.
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The bus was very crowded; I sat uncomfortably the whole way.
เต็นท์เล็กdtén-lékเกินไปgəən-bpaiนอนnɔɔnแล้วlɛ́ɛoอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtเพราะprɔ́อากาศaa-gàatไม่mâiถ่ายเทtàai-tee
The tent is too small; sleeping in it is uncomfortable because the air doesn’t circulate.
ห้องประชุมhɔ̂ng-bprà-chumไม่มีmâi-miiเครื่องปรับอากาศkrʉ̂ʉang-bpràp-aa-gàatและlɛ́คนเยอะkon-yə́ทำให้tam-hâiหลายคนlǎai-konรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtจากjàakอากาศaa-gàatอับàpและlɛ́พื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiจำกัดjam-gàt
The meeting room had no air conditioning and was crowded, making many people feel uncomfortable due to stale air and limited space.
2AdjectiveB1
uncomfortable; constrained
feeling pressured, restricted, or not free to act or speak
Examples
ที่ทำงานtêe tam ngaanที่ทำงานtêe tam ngaanworkplace; officeมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoกฎgòtกฎgòt1rule; regulation2law (scientific/natural); principleเยอะจนyér jonฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)รู้สึกrúu-sèukรู้สึกrúu-sèuk1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)อึดอัดèut àtอึดอัดèut àt1stuffy; cramped2uncomfortable; constrained3awkward; ill at ease (social)4tight-chested; uncomfortable when breathingพูดpôotพูดpôot1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutอะไรà-raiอะไรà-rai1what2what; what kind of (modifier)3something; anything (unspecified)4what? (interjection of surprise/confusion)เองayngเองayng1oneself; personally; by oneself2only; just; merely3exactly that/itselfไม่ได้mâi dâaiไม่ได้mâi dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)
There are so many rules at work that I feel pressured and can't speak for myself.
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เวลาwee-laaเจ้านายjâo-naaiยืนคุมyʉʉn-kumอยู่yùuตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtฉันchǎnรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanทำอะไรtam-à-raiผิดpìtไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเลยləəi
When the boss stands over me all the time, I feel pressured as if I'm not allowed to make any mistakes.
ในnaiที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumมีmiiบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiทุกคนtúk-konอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtไม่มีmâi-miiใครkraiกล้าglâaแสดงความคิดเห็นsà-dɛɛng-kwaam-kít-hěn
The atmosphere in the meeting made everyone feel pressured; no one dared to share opinions.
พอpɔɔครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaคาดหวังkâat-wǎngสูงเกินไปsǔung-gəən-bpaiฉันchǎnก็gɔ̂อึดอัดʉ̀t-àtจนjonไม่mâiกล้าglâaตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiตามใจdtaam-jaiตัวเองdtuua-eeng
When my family’s expectations are too high, I feel so pressured that I don’t dare make my own decisions.
3AdjectiveB1
awkward; ill at ease (social)
feeling socially uncomfortable or uneasy in a situation
Examples
ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)รู้สึกrúu-sèukรู้สึกrúu-sèuk1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)อึดอัดèut àtอึดอัดèut àt1stuffy; cramped2uncomfortable; constrained3awkward; ill at ease (social)4tight-chested; uncomfortable when breathingเวลาway-laaเวลาway-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesเจอjerเจอjer1[to] meet; run into2[to] find; come across3[to] face; experienceคนแปลกหน้าkon bplàek nâaคนแปลกหน้าkon bplàek nâastrangerเยอะๆyér-yérเยอะๆyér-yér1a lot; in large amounts (colloquial, emphatic)2many; numerous (colloquial, emphatic)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)งานเลี้ยงngaan líiangงานเลี้ยงngaan líiangparty; banquet; reception; feast; function
I feel uncomfortable when meeting many strangers at a party.
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เขาkǎoอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtตอนdtɔɔnต้องdtɔ̂ngคุยkuiกับgàpญาติyâatที่tîiไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iสนิทsà-nìtเลยləəiเงียบngîiapตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtมื้อเย็นmʉ́ʉ-yen
He felt awkward when talking to distant relatives, so he stayed quiet throughout dinner.
ฉันchǎnอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtเวลาwee-laaเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanล้อlɔ́ɔเรื่องส่วนตัวrʉ̂ʉang-sùuan-dtuuaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnเพราะprɔ́ไม่รู้mâi-rúuจะjàตอบdtɔ̀ɔpยังไงyang-ngai
I feel uneasy when friends tease about personal matters in front of others because I don't know how to respond.
บรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatการประชุมgaan-bprà-chumตึงdtʉngจนjonทุกคนtúk-konอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtพูดpûutอะไรà-raiก็gɔ̂เกรงใจgreeng-jaiกลัวgluuaจะjàไปbpaiแตะdtɛ̀ประเด็นbprà-denอ่อนไหวɔ̀ɔn-wǎi
The meeting atmosphere was so tense that everyone felt awkward, careful with their words, afraid of touching sensitive issues.
4AdjectiveB2
tight-chested; uncomfortable when breathing
feeling physically constricted or uncomfortable, especially with a sensation of chest tightness or restricted breathing
Examples
พอporพอpor1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenเดินขึ้นdern kêunเดินขึ้นdern kêun[to] walk up [sth]; [to] ascend on footบันไดban-daiบันไดban-dai1stairs; staircase2ladder3stairway (figurative path upward)เร็วreoเร็วreo1fast; quick (speed/time)2quickly; fast3early; soonๆ-ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)รู้สึกrúu-sèukรู้สึกrúu-sèuk1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)แน่นหน้าอกnâen nâa-òkแน่นหน้าอกnâen nâa-òk1to have chest tightness; to feel pressure in the chest2chest tightness; chest pressure (symptom)และláeและláeand (coordinating)หายใจhăai jaiหายใจhăai jai[to] breathe; respireอึดอัดèut àtอึดอัดèut àt1stuffy; cramped2uncomfortable; constrained3awkward; ill at ease (social)4tight-chested; uncomfortable when breathingต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toหยุดพักyùt pákหยุดพักyùt pák1[to] take a break; rest2[to] pause temporarily; suspendสักครู่sàk krôoสักครู่sàk krôo1a moment; a short time2just a moment; briefly; in a moment
After walking up the stairs quickly, I felt tightness in my chest and had trouble breathing, so I had to stop and rest for a moment.
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เวลาwee-laaอากาศaa-gàatชื้นchʉ́ʉnฉันchǎnมักmákหายใจhǎai-jaiไม่mâiสะดวกsà-dùuakเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtอยู่ในyùu-naiอกòkตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔt
When the air is humid, I often can’t breathe easily, as if there’s constant tightness in my chest.
หมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaหากhàakยังyangมีmiiอาการaa-gaanแน่นหน้าอกnɛ̂n-nâa-òkและlɛ́หายใจhǎai-jaiอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtขณะkà-nàนอนราบnɔɔn-râapควรkuuanมาmaaพบแพทย์póp-pɛ̂ɛtทันทีtan-tii
The doctor said that if I still have chest tightness and difficulty breathing when lying flat, I should see a physician immediately.
หลังจากlăng jàakสูดsòotควันkwanไปbpaiหลายlăaiครั้งkrángเขาkăoรู้สึกrúu-sèukอึดอัดèut àtในnaiทรวงอกsuuang òkและláeต้องdtôngพยายามpà-yaa-yaamหายใจhăai jaiลึกléukๆ-เพื่อให้pêuua hâiดีขึ้นdee kêun
After inhaling smoke several times, he felt tightness in his chest and had to try to breathe deeply to feel better.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ʉ̀t
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
อึดʉ̀tอึดʉ̀t1enduring; tough; resilient; durable2hard to kill/defeatenduring; tough; resilient; durablePart 1
+
อัดàtอัดàt1[to] compress; press tightly2[to] cram; stuff in3[to] record (audio/video)4[to] print (photos)5[to] beat up; hit hard (infml.)6[to] apply/lay on thick[to] compress; press tightlyPart 2
อึดอัดʉ̀t-àtอึดอัดʉ̀t-àtstuffy; crampedstuffy; crampedWord