ควัน
kwanMeanings
1NounA2
smoke; fumes
visible gaseous byproduct with fine particles from burning or chemical processes
Examples
มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoควันkwanควันkwan1smoke; fumes2steam; vapor (loose/colloquial)ลอยlɔɔiลอยlɔɔi1[to] float; drift2[to] hover; be suspended3floating; adrift4[to] float (price/exchange rate)ออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa1[to] come out; emerge2[to] be released; be made public3[to] turn out; end up4[to] come forward; speak outจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmกองไฟgɔɔng-faiกองไฟgɔɔng-faibonfire; campfire; fire (pile of burning wood)
Smoke is rising from the bonfire.
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This morning I saw thick smoke from the factory down below.
It was a small fire, but the smoke filled the hallway.
เจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiเราraoอพยพòp-pá-yópเพราะprɔ́ควันkwanจากjàakสารเคมีsǎan-kee-miiกำลังgam-langกระจายgrà-jaaiเข้ามาkâo-maaในอาคารnai-aa-kaan
Officials told us to evacuate because smoke from chemicals was spreading into the building.
That car is emitting thick smoke from the exhaust pipe.
ช่วงเช้าchûuang-cháaoเห็นhěnควันkwanสีดำsǐi-damจากjàakรถบรรทุกrót-ban-túkเก่าgàoบนbonถนนสายหลักtà-nǒn-sǎai-làk
In the morning, I saw black smoke from an old truck on the main road.
รถเมล์rót-meeหลายlǎaiคันkanปล่อยควันbplɔ̀i-kwanจนjonผู้โดยสารpûu-dooi-sǎanไอaiและlɛ́บ่นbònเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangคุณภาพอากาศkun-ná-pâap-aa-gàat
Many buses emitted smoke, causing passengers to cough and complain about air quality.
เทศบาลtâyt-sà-baanตรวจdtrùuatเข้มkêmยานพาหนะyaan paa-hà-náที่têeปล่อยควันbplòi kwanเกินgernมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tăanเพื่อpêuuaลดlótมลพิษmon-lá-pítจากjàakเครื่องยนต์ดีเซลkrêuuang-yon dee-sen
The municipality strictly inspects vehicles that emit excessive smoke to reduce pollution from diesel engines.
2NounB1
steam; vapor (loose/colloquial)
light mist from heat, as from hot food or boiling water; colloquial use (technical term is ไอน้ำไอน้ำai-náam1steam; water vapor2condensed mist)
Examples
เปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessฝาfǎaฝาfǎa1lid; cover2shutter; door leaf; panel3wall; partition; wall panel4twin; member of a twin pairหม้อmɔ̂ɔหม้อmɔ̂ɔ1pot; cooking pot2jar; pot (earthen/ceramic)3electric rice cooker (colloquial)4transformer (colloq.)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard asควันkwanควันkwan1smoke; fumes2steam; vapor (loose/colloquial)ร้อนrɔ́ɔnร้อนrɔ́ɔn1hot (temperature)2spicy (taste)3[to] be hot; feel hot; become hot4urgent; intenseลอยlɔɔiลอยlɔɔi1[to] float; drift2[to] hover; be suspended3floating; adrift4[to] float (price/exchange rate)ขึ้นมาkʉ̂n-maaขึ้นมาkʉ̂n-maa1[to] come up (toward the speaker); move upward2[to] get up; rise3[to] go up; increase4[to] become; start to be (change of state)5[to] arise; appear; emerge
I opened the pot lid and saw warm vapor rising up.
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ข้าวต้มkâao dtômเพิ่งpêrngตักdtàkเสิร์ฟsèrpยังyangมีmeeควันkwanบางbaangๆ-ลอยloiอยู่เหนือyòo nĕuuaชามchaam
The rice porridge was just served, with light steam floating above the bowl.
Freshly scalded tea sent a gentle fragrant vapor up from the cup.
ไอน้ำร้อนai-náam-rɔ́ɔnเป็นbpenควันล่องลอยkwan-lɔ̂ng-lɔɔiเหนือnʉ̌ʉaหม้อน้ำmɔ̂ɔ-náamซุปsúpทำให้tam-hâiห้องครัวhɔ̂ng-kruuaดูduuฟุ้งfúngอบอุ่นòp-ùn
Hot vapor drifted above the soup pot, making the kitchen feel warmly hazy.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คว, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kwan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |