ฝืด
fʉ̀ʉtMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
stiff; hard to move (friction)
not moving smoothly; hard to operate because of friction, dryness, or tightness
Examples
ประตูbprà-dtuuประตูbprà-dtuu1door; gate; portal2goal (structure or score)3classifier: doors; gates; goalsบานbaanบานbaan1[to] bloom2[to] spread out; [to] flare outward3wide; flared4[to] balloon; [to] swell; [to] escalate (cost/size/number)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessยากมากyâak-mâakยากมากyâak-mâakvery difficult; very hardมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7creamy; rich (texture/taste)ฝืดfʉ̀ʉtฝืดfʉ̀ʉt1stiff; hard to move (friction)2sluggish; tight (economy/trade)3dry; hard to swallow4awkward; stilted (socially/linguistically)เพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)หยอดyɔ̀ɔtหยอดyɔ̀ɔt1[to] drop/drip (small amount)2[to] apply drops (medicine)3[to] insert a coin4[to] add a small amount (food/condiment)5[to] tease/flirt lightlyน้ำมันnám-manน้ำมันnám-man1oil; petroleum; fuel2cooking oil3lubricating oil
This door is very hard to open; it’s stiff because it hasn’t been oiled.
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The bicycle is starting to pedal stiffly; we should check the wheel bearings.
เครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangปริ้นต์bprînดึงdʉngกระดาษgrà-dàatฝืดfʉ̀ʉtจนjonกระดาษgrà-dàatยับyápต้องdtɔ̂ngหยุดyùtมาmaaซ่อมsɔ̂mก่อนgɔ̀ɔn
The printer pulled the paper roughly and it crumpled; we had to stop and fix it first.
คันโยกkan-yôokติดdtìtฝืดfʉ̀ʉtเพราะprɔ́ฝุ่นfùnสะสมsà-sǒmทำให้tam-hâiการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanของkɔ̌ɔngเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangไม่mâiลื่นไหลlʉ̂ʉn-lǎi
The lever is sticking due to accumulated dust, making the machine operate unsmoothly.
2AdjectiveB2
sluggish; tight (economy/trade)
slow, inactive, or difficult, especially describing sales, markets, or economic activity
Examples
ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiช่วงนี้chûuang-níi1these days; lately; currently2this period (of time); the current periodยอดขายyɔ̂ɔt-kǎaiยอดขายyɔ̂ɔt-kǎai1sales revenue; total sales2sales volume/units soldฝืดfʉ̀ʉtฝืดfʉ̀ʉt1stiff; hard to move (friction)2sluggish; tight (economy/trade)3dry; hard to swallow4awkward; stilted (socially/linguistically)ลูกค้าlûuk-káaลูกค้าlûuk-káacustomer; clientน้อยลงnɔ́ɔi-longน้อยลงnɔ́ɔi-long1less (than before)2less; fewer (reduced)3[to] decrease; diminish; lessenมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Sales are sluggish these days; there are far fewer customers.
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The economy is sluggish; many shops in the neighborhood have closed.
ตลาดdtà-làatอสังหาริมทรัพย์à-sǎng-hǎa-rí-má-sápยังyangฝืดfʉ̀ʉtเพราะprɔ́คนkonชะลอchá-lɔɔการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiซื้อsʉ́ʉบ้านbâan
The real estate market remains sluggish because people are delaying home-buying decisions.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàจัดjàtโปรโมชันbproo-moo-chânแรงrɛɛngแต่dtɛ̀ɛบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatการจับจ่ายgaan-jàp-jàaiยังyangฝืดfʉ̀ʉtจากjàakความไม่มั่นใจkwaam-mâi-mân-jaiทางการเงินtaang-gaan-ngən
Even with aggressive promotions, consumer spending remains sluggish due to financial uncertainty.
3AdjectiveB2
dry; hard to swallow
difficult to swallow smoothly, especially because food is dry or lacks accompanying liquid
Examples
น้ำซุปnáam-súpน้ำซุปnáam-súpbroth; stockวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentรสrótรสrót1taste; flavor2style; tone; flavor (figurative)ฝืดfʉ̀ʉtฝืดfʉ̀ʉt1stiff; hard to move (friction)2sluggish; tight (economy/trade)3dry; hard to swallow4awkward; stilted (socially/linguistically)กินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] consume; use up4[to] corrode; erode; eat into5[to] take (a bribe); pocketแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)เพลินpləənเพลินpləən1absorbed; pleasantly engrossed; delighted2[to] enjoy; be engrossed3pleasantly; enjoyably
The soup today tastes dull; it’s not very enjoyable to eat.
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This dessert is so low in sweetness that it feels dry and dull in the mouth.
The green curry tastes bland and dry; the flavor isn’t as well-rounded as it should be.
The coffee is brewed too weak, tasting dull and dry, lacking aroma and body.
4AdjectiveB2
awkward; stilted (socially/linguistically)
lacking ease or naturalness, e.g., a stiff conversation or strained wording
Examples
บรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàat1atmosphere; ambience2atmosphere (gaseous envelope)การgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; task3affair; matterคุยkuiคุยkui1[to] chat; talk2[to] discuss; talk over3[to] brag; boast4[to] talk to [sb] romantically; get to know a potential partner (colloq.)ครั้งแรกkráng-rɛ̂ɛkครั้งแรกkráng-rɛ̂ɛk1the first time2for the first time3first (of an occurrence)ค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangค่อนข้างkɔ̂n-kâangrather; quite; fairlyฝืดfʉ̀ʉtฝืดfʉ̀ʉt1stiff; hard to move (friction)2sluggish; tight (economy/trade)3dry; hard to swallow4awkward; stilted (socially/linguistically)ทุกคนtúk-konทุกคนtúk-koneveryone; everybodyยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)รู้rúuรู้rúu1[to] know; be aware of2[to] realize; find out; learn3[to] know how; know the proper way to act4[to] feel; sense; perceiveจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutอะไรà-raiอะไรà-rai1what2what; what kind of (modifier)3something; anything (unspecified)4what? (interjection of surprise/confusion)
The atmosphere of the first conversation was rather stiff; no one knew what to say.
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พิธีกรpí-tii-gɔɔnถามtǎamคำถามkam-tǎamยาวyaaoเกินไปgəən-bpaiทำให้tam-hâiรายการraai-gaanฝืดfʉ̀ʉtและlɛ́ไม่mâiน่าติดตามnâa-dtìt-dtaam
The host asked questions that were too long, making the show feel stiff and not engaging.
คำกล่าวkam-glàaoเปิดงานbpə̀ət-ngaanของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoฟังดูfang-duuฝืดfʉ̀ʉtเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanอ่านàanตามdtaamสคริปต์sɔ̌ɔ-krípโดยdooiไม่มีmâi-miiอารมณ์aa-romร่วมrûuam
His opening remarks sounded strained, as if reading from a script without engagement.
บทสนทนาbòt-sǒn-tá-naaในnaiฉากchàakนี้níiฝืดfʉ̀ʉtจนjonรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kเกร็งgrengเพราะprɔ́ประโยคbprà-yòokไม่mâiเป็นธรรมชาติbpen-tam-má-châatและlɛ́ขาดkàatจังหวะjang-wà
The dialogue in this scene is so stiff it feels awkward, because the lines are unnatural and lack rhythm.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
fʉ̀ʉt
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |