ทุ่ม
tûmMeanings
1NounA2
evening time marker (7 p.m.–midnight)
a time-counting unit in the Thai six-hour clock: หนึ่งทุ่มหนึ่งทุ่มnʉ̀ng-tûm7 p.m. (19:00) is 7 p.m., สองทุ่มสองทุ่มsɔ̌ɔng-tûm18 p.m.2at 8 p.m. is 8 p.m., and so on through หกทุ่ม at midnight
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentนัดnátนัดnát1appointment; meeting2[to] make an appointment; arrange to meet3round; match (sports)4classifier: round; match; appointment5classifier: shot; round of ammunitionกินข้าวgin-kâaoกินข้าวgin-kâao1[to] have a meal; eat (general)2[to] eat rice (literal)หนึ่งทุ่มnʉ̀ng-tûmหนึ่งทุ่มnʉ̀ng-tûm7 p.m. (19:00)
Today we’re meeting for dinner at 7 p.m.
3 more examplesShow less
The train departs at 8 p.m. sharp.
Dad told me to call at 9 p.m.
หนังnǎngเริ่มrə̂əmสี่ทุ่มsìi-tûmแต่dtɛ̀ɛอยากyàakไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ngก่อนgɔ̀ɔnครึ่งkrʉ̂ngชั่วโมงchûua-moong
The movie starts at 10 p.m., but I want to arrive half an hour early.
2VerbA2
[to] throw forcefully; hurl; pitch
to throw or hurl something with force; to pitch something strongly
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillทุ่มtûmทุ่มtûm1evening time marker (7 p.m.–midnight)2[to] throw forcefully; hurl; pitch3[to] slam; fling down; dump4[to] invest heavily; pour in (effort/money/time)ลูกบอลlûuk-bɔɔnลูกบอลlûuk-bɔɔnball (for sports/games)ไปให้bpai-hâiไปให้bpai-hâi[to] go give [sth] [to sb]สุนัขsù-nákสุนัขsù-nákdog (formal)วิ่งwîngวิ่งwîng1[to] run2[to] run (operate; be in service)3[to] flow; courseคาบkâapคาบkâap1class period; lesson period2[to] hold in the mouth3interval; period (time, physics)
He threw the ball for the dog to fetch.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday the athlete hurled the javelin farther than before.
The teacher said not to hurl the book forcefully because it will tear.
พอpɔɔได้dâaiเชือกchʉ̂ʉakเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ทุ่มtûmขึ้นkʉ̂nข้ามกำแพงkâam-gam-pɛɛngอย่างแม่นยำyàang-mɛ̂n-yamให้hâiเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanอีกìikฝั่งfàngรับráp
Once he got the rope, he hurled it accurately over the wall for the friend on the other side to catch.
3VerbB1
[to] slam; fling down; dump
to drop, slam, or fling something down with force (e.g., slam a phone, dump a bag on the floor)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillโมโหmoo-hǒoโมโหmoo-hǒo1angry; mad2[to] get angry; be angryแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ทุ่มtûmทุ่มtûm1evening time marker (7 p.m.–midnight)2[to] throw forcefully; hurl; pitch3[to] slam; fling down; dump4[to] invest heavily; pour in (effort/money/time)กระเป๋าgrà-bpǎoกระเป๋าgrà-bpǎo1bag; handbag; purse2pocket3wallet4classifier: ใบลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alightกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)พื้นpʉ́ʉnพื้นpʉ́ʉn1floor2ground; base surface; bottom3basis; level; background (figurative)4background (color/pattern)เสียงดังsǐiang-dangเสียงดังsǐiang-dang1loud; noisy (high volume)2a loud noiseปังbpangปังbpang1awesome; a hit; highly successful (slang)2bang; boom (sound)
He got angry and slammed his bag down on the floor with a bang.
3 more examplesShow less
She was so angry that she slammed the phone down on the table.
ผมpǒmเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiและlɛ́หิวhǐuมากmâakพอกpɔ̂ɔkลับlápถึงบ้านtʉ̌ng-bâanก็gɔ̂ทุ่มtûmถุงtǔngของชำkɔ̌ɔng-chamไว้wáiที่tîiมุมmumครัวkruuaแล้วlɛ́ɛoนั่งพักnâng-pák
I was exhausted and hungry; when I got home, I dumped the groceries in the kitchen corner and sat down to rest.
ได้ยินdâi-yinข่าวร้ายkàao ráaiเขาkăoคว้าkwáaเป้bpêแล้วláeoทุ่มtûmลงพื้นlong péunอย่างyàangหัวเสียhŭua sĭiaก่อนจะgòn jàเดินdernออกจากòk jàakห้องhôngเงียบๆngîiap ngîiap
Hearing the bad news, he grabbed his backpack and flung it to the floor in frustration, then quietly walked out of the room.
4VerbB1
[to] invest heavily; pour in (effort/money/time)
to put a large amount of effort, time, money, or resources into something; to go all in
Examples
ปีนี้bpii-níiปีนี้bpii-níi1this year2this year; during the current yearฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ทุ่มtûmทุ่มtûm1evening time marker (7 p.m.–midnight)2[to] throw forcefully; hurl; pitch3[to] slam; fling down; dump4[to] invest heavily; pour in (effort/money/time)เวลาเรียนwee-laa-riianเวลาเรียนwee-laa-riianclass time; school hoursภาษาpaa-sǎaภาษาpaa-sǎa1language; tongue2register; jargon; specialized languageให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)มากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂nมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)
This year I will put a lot of time into studying languages.
3 more examplesShow less
ทีมงานtiim-ngaanทุ่มtûmแรงกายrɛɛng-gaaiแรงใจrɛɛng-jaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiงานเปิดตัวngaan-bpə̀ət-dtuuaสำเร็จsǎm-rèt
The team went all in with their effort and spirit to make the launch a success.
เขาkăoทุ่มtûmเงินเก็บngern gèpทั้งหมดtáng mòtไปbpaiกับgàpการเริ่มgaan rêrmธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtเล็กๆlék lékของตัวเองkŏng dtuua ayng
He invested all his savings into starting his own small business.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiทุ่มtûmทรัพยากรsáp-pá-yaa-gɔɔnด้านdâanวิจัยwí-jaiและlɛ́พัฒนาpát-tá-naaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเร่งrêngสร้างsâangนวัตกรรมná-wát-dtà-gamให้hâiแซงsɛɛngคู่แข่งkûu-kɛ̀ng
The company decided to pour resources into R&D to accelerate innovation and outpace competitors.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
tûm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |