ครึม
krʉmMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
overcast; gloomy (sky)
describing the sky when covered with clouds and rather dark
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáaท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáasky; heavensครึ้มkrʉ́mครึ้มkrʉ́m1overcast; gloomy (sky)2shady; cool3cheerful; in high spirits4lush; dense (foliage)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousสงสัยsǒng-sǎiสงสัยsǒng-sǎi1[to] doubt; be uncertain2[to] suspect3I wonder…; perhaps (colloq.)ฝนfǒnฝนfǒn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] set (of the sun)7[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to8[to] be left out; miss one’s turn
The sky is very overcast today. I think it's going to rain.
3 more examplesShow less
ตอนเช้าdton cháaoแดดdàetดีๆdee deeแต่dtàeพอporตกบ่ายdtòk bàaiฟ้าfáaก็gâwครึ้มkréumขึ้นมาkêun maaทันทีtan tee
It was sunny in the morning, but when afternoon came, the sky became overcast immediately.
พยากรณ์อากาศpá-yaa-gɔɔn-aa-gàatบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiฟ้าfáaจะjàครึ้มkrʉ́mตลอดทั้งวันdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-táng-wan
The weather forecast says the sky will be overcast all day tomorrow.
ทันทีที่tan-tii-tîiดวงอาทิตย์duuang-aa-títลับlápขอบฟ้าkɔ̀ɔp-fáaท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáaก็gɔ̂เริ่มมืดครึ้มrə̂əm-mʉ̂ʉt-krʉ́mและlɛ́ลมlomก็gɔ̂เริ่มrə̂əmพัดpátแรงrɛɛngขึ้นkʉ̂n
As soon as the sun set below the horizon, the sky began to grow dark and overcast, and the wind started to blow stronger.
2AdjectiveB2
dull-colored; drab
having a muted, grayish, or heavy color tone; not bright
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillชอบchôpชอบchôp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)เสื้อผ้าsêua pâaเสื้อผ้าsêua pâaclothes; clothing; apparelสีsĕeสีsĕe1color2paint3[to] rub; scrub; polish4flush (poker)5[to] mill; husk (rice)6[to] play (a bowed instrument)ครึมkreumครึมkreum1overcast; gloomy (sky)2dull-colored; drab3cheerful; in high spiritsๆ-อย่างเช่นyàang chênอย่างเช่นyàang chênfor example; such as; for instanceสีเทาsĕe taoสีเทาsĕe tao1gray/grey (color)2gray/grey; gray-colored3gray area; semi-legalสีกรมท่าsĕe grom-mà-tâaสีกรมท่าsĕe grom-mà-tâanavy blue
He likes to wear clothes in muted colors, such as grey and navy blue.
3 more examplesShow less
ห้องทำงานhông tam-ngaanของเขาkŏng kăoถูกtòokทาtaaด้วยdûuayสีsĕeครึมkreumๆ-เพื่อpêuuaสร้างsâangบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatที่têeสงบsà-ngòp
His office was painted in a muted color to create a calm atmosphere.
ภาพวาดpâap-wâatนี้níiใช้cháiโทนสีtoon-sǐiครึมkrʉmเป็นหลักbpen-làkเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสื่อถึงsʉ̀ʉ-tʉ̌ngความลึกลับkwaam-lʉ́k-lápของป่าkɔ̌ɔng-bpàaยามค่ำคืนyaam-kâm-kʉʉn
This painting primarily uses a somber color palette to convey the mystery of the forest at night.
การออกแบบภายในgaan-ɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛp-paai-naiสไตล์มินิมอลsà-dtai-mí-ní-mɔɔnลิสต์lítมักจะmák-jàเลือกใช้lʉ̂ʉak-cháiเฟอร์นิเจอร์fəə-ní-jə̂əสีsǐiครึมkrʉmเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขับเน้นkàp-nénรูปทรงrûup-songและlɛ́พื้นผิวpʉ́ʉn-pǐuของkɔ̌ɔngวัสดุwát-sà-dù
Minimalist interior design often utilizes furniture in muted colors to emphasize the form and texture of the materials.
3AdjectiveB2
cheerful; in high spirits
Feeling pleasantly cheerful or in good spirits, as in ครึ้มใจ or ครึ้มอกครึ้มใจ.
Examples
พ่อpɔ̂ɔพ่อpɔ̂ɔ1father; dad2sir; mister (rural/archaic)3prefix: male person; leader; father figureฟังfangฟังfang1listen2heed3[to] sound; seem (to the ear)เพลงpleengเพลงpleeng1song; musical piece2classifier: songs/piecesเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ครึ้มkrʉ́mครึ้มkrʉ́m1overcast; gloomy (sky)2shady; cool3cheerful; in high spirits4lush; dense (foliage)ใจjaiใจjai1heart; mind; feelings; spirit2kindness; compassion; generosity3courage; spirit; morale4intention; will; willingness5core; essence (in compounds)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedร้องคลอrɔ́ɔng-klɔɔร้องคลอrɔ́ɔng-klɔɔ[to] sing along softly; [to] accompany with singingตามไปด้วยdtaam-bpai-dûuaiตามไปด้วยdtaam-bpai-dûuai1to accompany; to go along too2also; too; in consequence
Listening to old songs put Dad in good spirits, so he started singing along.
3 more examplesShow less
วันนี้wan-níiแม่mɛ̂ɛครึ้มkrʉ́mอกòkครึ้มkrʉ́mใจjaiเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèetถึงกับtʉ̌ng-gàpชวนchuuanลูกlûukเต้นdtênในnaiครัวkruua
Mom was in especially good spirits today and even invited the kids to dance in the kitchen.
พอได้pɔɔ-dâaiกลับมาglàp-maaนั่งnângคุยkuiกับgàpเพื่อนเก่าpʉ̂ʉan-gàoในnaiร้านráanที่tîiคุ้นเคยkún-kəəiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ครึ้มkrʉ́mอกòkครึ้มkrʉ́mใจjaiจนjonไม่mâiอยากyàakให้hâiค่ำคืนkâm-kʉʉnนี้níiจบลงjòp-long
Once he was back chatting with old friends in a familiar restaurant, he felt so happy and at ease that he didn't want the evening to end.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiจากjàakงานngaanมาmaaทั้งสัปดาห์táng-sàp-daaแต่dtɛ̀ɛบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatสบายsà-baaiกับgàpเสียงดนตรีsǐiang-don-dtriiเบาbaoก็gɔ̂ทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəครึ้มkrʉ́mใจjaiจนเผลอjon-plə̌əฮัมเพลงham-pleengออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa
Although she was tired after a whole week of work, the relaxed atmosphere and soft music lifted her spirits so much that she found herself humming.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คร, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
krʉm
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |