โดยที่
dooi-tîiMeanings
1ConjunctionB1
without [sb] doing [sth]
introduces a clause—often with ไม่ไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)/ไม่ได้ไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)—showing that one action happens without [sb] doing another action
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเดินdəənเดินdəən1[to] walk; go on foot2[to] proceed; go; move along3[to] run; operate (machine/system)4[to] run; operate; keep runningออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàak1[to] leave; exit; depart from2from; out of (after a verb)ห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyโดยที่dooi-tîiโดยที่dooi-tîi1without [sb] doing [sth]2with; while; in circumstances where3whereas (formal/legal)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutอะไรà-raiอะไรà-rai1what2what; what kind of (modifier)3something; anything (unspecified)4what? (interjection of surprise/confusion)สักsàkสักsàk1about; approximately2teak3[to] tattoo4any; even (a little); at allคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utterance
He walked out of the room without saying a single word.
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เธอtəəทำtamอาหารเย็นaa-hǎan-yenเสร็จsètเรียบร้อยrîiap-rɔ́ɔiโดยที่dooi-tîiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiดูสูตรduu-sùutเลยləəi
She finished cooking dinner without even looking at a recipe.
เขาkǎoสามารถsǎa-mâatแก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎaนั้นnánได้dâaiด้วยตัวเองdûuai-dtuua-eengโดยที่dooi-tîiไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngรบกวนróp-guuanใครkraiเลยləəi
He was able to solve that problem by himself, without having to bother anyone at all.
ระบบรักษาความปลอดภัยrá-bòp-rák-sǎa-kwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiถูกtùukเจาะjɔ̀โดยที่dooi-tîiไม่มีmâi-miiสัญญาณเตือนsǎn-yaan-dtʉʉanดังขึ้นdang-kʉ̂nเลยləəiแม้แต่น้อยmɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛ-nɔ́ɔi
The security system was breached without any alarm sounding whatsoever.
2ConjunctionB2
with; while; in circumstances where
introduces a clause describing the circumstances or manner accompanying the main action; with a negative clause, often translated as 'without'
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛp[to] design; planระบบrá-bòpระบบrá-bòp1system; organized method2arrangement; orderใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2new; different; fresh3again; anew4new; inexperienced (novice)5hibiscus (Northern Thai)โดยที่dooi-tîiโดยที่dooi-tîi1without [sb] doing [sth]2with; while; in circumstances where3whereas (formal/legal)ข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muun1information; data (non-count)2data (computing)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)บันทึกอัตโนมัติban-tʉ́k-àt-dtà-noo-mátบันทึกอัตโนมัติban-tʉ́k-àt-dtà-noo-mát1[to] save or record automatically2automatic saving or recordingทุกtúkทุกtúk1every; each2every (interval/frequency)ชั่วโมงchûua-moongชั่วโมงchûua-moong1hour (60 minutes)2classifier: hours of time3lesson period; class period
He designed a new system whereby the data is automatically saved every hour.
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เราraoมาmaaทำข้อตกลงtam-kɔ̂ɔ-dtòk-longกันganโดยที่dooi-tîiเธอtəəทำงานบ้านtam-ngaan-bâanส่วนsùuanฉันchǎnจะjàออกɔ̀ɔkไปซื้อของbpai-sʉ́ʉ-kɔ̌ɔng
Let's make an agreement such that you do the housework while I go out for groceries.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanออกɔ̀ɔkมาตรการช่วยเหลือmâat-dtrà-gaan-chûuai-lʉ̌ʉaโดยที่dooi-tîiครัวเรือนkruua-rʉʉanผู้pûuมีmiiรายได้raai-dâaiน้อยnɔ́ɔiจะได้jà-dâaiรับrápเงินอุดหนุนngən-ùt-nǔnโดยตรงdooi-dtrong
The government issued a relief measure whereby low-income households will receive direct subsidies.
สัญญาsǎn-yaaถูกtùukร่างขึ้นrâang-kʉ̂nมาmaaอย่างรัดกุมyàang-rát-gumโดยที่dooi-tîiความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangทั้งหมดtáng-mòtจะjàถูกtùukแบ่งbɛ̀ngกันganรับผิดชอบráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpอย่างyàangเท่าเทียมtâo-tiiam
The contract was drafted meticulously, such that all risks are to be shared equally.
3ConjunctionC2
whereas (formal/legal)
used at the start of laws, announcements, or other official texts to state reasons or premises
Examples
โดยที่dooi-tîiโดยที่dooi-tîi1without [sb] doing [sth]2with; while; in circumstances where3whereas (formal/legal)พายุไต้ฝุ่นpaa-yú-dtâi-fùnพายุไต้ฝุ่นpaa-yú-dtâi-fùntyphoonกำลังจะgam-lang-jàกำลังจะgam-lang-jàabout to (imminent future)เคลื่อนตัวklʉ̂ʉan-dtuuaเคลื่อนตัวklʉ̂ʉan-dtuua[to] move; shift; get underwayเข้าใกล้kâo-glâiเข้าใกล้kâo-glâi1[to] approach [sb/sth]; come near2[to] come close to (a state/result)3[to] approach (a limit)จึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ขอkɔ̌ɔขอkɔ̌ɔ1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forประกาศbprà-gàatประกาศbprà-gàat1[to] announce; declare2announcement; notice3proclamation; decree4[to] proclaim; promulgate (form.)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)งดngótงดngót1[to] refrain; abstain (from)2[to] suspend; cancel; omitการจัดกิจกรรมgaan-jàt-gìt-jà-gamการจัดกิจกรรมgaan-jàt-gìt-jà-gamorganizing and conducting activities; event managementกลางแจ้งglaang-jɛ̂ɛngกลางแจ้งglaang-jɛ̂ɛng1outdoors; out in the open2outdoor; open-airทั้งหมดtáng-mòtทั้งหมดtáng-mòt1all; entire; whole2all; in total; completely3the whole; everything
Given that the typhoon is approaching, it is hereby announced that all outdoor activities are to be canceled.
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โดยที่doy têeเป็นbpenการgaanสมควรsŏm kuuanปรับปรุงbpràp bprungกฎหมายgòt-măaiว่าด้วยwâa dûuaiภาษีอากรpaa-sĕe aa-gonให้hâiทันสมัยtan sà-măiจึงjeungทรงพระกรุณาโปรดเกล้าฯsong prá gà-rú-naa bpròht glâoให้hâiตราdtraaพระราชบัญญัติprá-râat-chá-ban-yàtนี้néeขึ้นkêunไว้wái
Whereas it is expedient to update the law concerning revenue, therefore, be it enacted by His Majesty the King.
โดยที่doy têeบริษัทฯbo-rí-sàtสามารถsăa-mâatบรรลุban-lúเป้าหมายยอดขายbpâo măai yôt kăaiประจำปีbprà-jam bpeeได้แล้วdâai láewคณะกรรมการká-ná gam-má-gaanจึงjeungมีมติmee má-dtìให้hâiจ่ายเงินjàai ngernโบนัสboh-nátแก่gàeพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanทุกคนtúk kon
Given that the company has successfully achieved its annual sales target, the board has resolved to distribute bonuses to all employees.
โดยที่doy têeมาตราmaa-dtraa๑๕๘๑๕๘ของkŏngรัฐธรรมนูญrát tam-má-noonแห่งhàengราชอาณาจักรไทยrâat-chá-aa-naa-jàk taiได้dâiบัญญัติban-yàtจำกัดjam-gàtระยะเวลาrá-yá way-laaการดำรงตำแหน่งgaan dam-rong dtam-nàengของkŏngนายกรัฐมนตรีnaa-yók ràt-tà-mon-dtreeไว้wáiมิให้mí hâiเกินgernแปดbpàetปีbpee
Whereas Section 158 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand stipulates that the total term of office of a Prime Minister shall not exceed eight years...
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ย, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dooi
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
โดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withby; via; throughPart 1
+
ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerplace; spot; seat; spacePart 2
โดยที่dooi-tîiโดยที่dooi-tîiwithout [sb] doing [sth]without [sb] doing [sth]Word