แล
lɛɛMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] look; behold (arch., lit.)
to look or behold; to gaze at (archaic or literary usage)
Examples
หญิงสาวyǐng-sǎaoหญิงสาวyǐng-sǎaoyoung womanนั่งnângนั่งnâng1[to] sit; sit down2[to] take; ride [sth] (vehicle)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainริมrimริมrim1edge; rim; border2outermost; at the edgeหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangหน้าต่างnâa-dtàang1window2window (computing)แลlɛɛแลlɛɛ1[to] look; behold (arch., lit.)2and; as well as (arch., lit.)3indeed (final particle, arch., lit.)4look! (arch. exclamation)มองออกไปmɔɔng-ɔ̀ɔk-bpaiมองออกไปmɔɔng-ɔ̀ɔk-bpai[to] look out; [to] look outsideไกลglaiไกลglai1far; distant2far; to a distant place3far (in time/relationship); distantสุดสายตาsùt-sǎai-dtaaสุดสายตาsùt-sǎai-dtaaas far as the eye can see
The young woman sat by the window, gazing out as far as her eyes could see.
3 more examplesShow less
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaขึ้นไปkʉ̂n-bpaiบนbonยอดเขาyɔ̂ɔt-kǎoเราraoสามารถsǎa-mâatแลเห็นlɛɛ-hěnทิวทัศน์tiu-tátของkɔ̌ɔngเมืองmʉʉangได้dâaiทั้งtángเมืองmʉʉang
When on the mountaintop, we can behold the scenery of the entire city.
กวีพรรณนาภาพgà-wii-pan-ná-naa-pâapนางเอกnaang-èekยืนyʉʉnแลดูlɛɛ-duuดวงจันทร์duuang-janในnaiคืนkʉʉnที่tîiฟ้าfáaกระจ่างgrà-jàang
The poet described the image of the heroine standing and gazing at the moon on a clear night.
พระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàtทอดพระเนตรแลtɔ̂ɔt-prá-nêet-lɛɛไปทั่วbpai-tûuaท้องพระโรงtɔ́ɔng-prá-roongเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสำรวจsǎm-rùuatความพร้อมkwaam-prɔ́ɔmของkɔ̌ɔngเหล่าlàoขุนนางkǔn-naang
The king gazed across the throne hall to survey the readiness of the court officials.
2ConjunctionC1
and; as well as (arch., lit.)
a conjunction meaning “and,” used in archaic or literary Thai
Examples
ขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâi1May ...; I wish that ...2to request that; to ask thatท่านtânท่านtân1you (formal/polite)2he; she (honorific)3sir; madam4honorific title5classifier (polite for persons)จงjongจงjong[impv] (formal) do …; must …มีแต่mii-dtɛ̀ɛมีแต่mii-dtɛ̀ɛ1have only; nothing but2there is/are only; nothing else3do nothing but; only ever [do]4only serves to; merely results inความสุขkwaam-sùkความสุขkwaam-sùk1happiness; contentment2pleasure; enjoyment3well-beingความเจริญkwaam-jà-rəənความเจริญkwaam-jà-rəən1progress; development2prosperity; flourishing3modern amenities; civilizationแลlɛɛแลlɛɛ1[to] look; behold (arch., lit.)2and; as well as (arch., lit.)3indeed (final particle, arch., lit.)4look! (arch. exclamation)ปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakwithout; free ofโรคภัยไข้เจ็บrôok-pai-kâi-jèpโรคภัยไข้เจ็บrôok-pai-kâi-jèpillness; disease; ailments
May you have only happiness and prosperity, and be free from all sickness.
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ในnaiสมัยโบราณsà-mǎi-boo-raanการค้าขายgaan-káa-kǎaiระหว่างrá-wàangเมืองmʉʉangต้องdtɔ̂ngอาศัยaa-sǎiเรือrʉʉaแลlɛɛกองคาราวานgɔɔng-kaa-raa-waanเป็นหลักbpen-làk
In ancient times, trade between cities relied mainly on boats and caravans.
ศาสตร์sàatแลlɛɛศิลป์sǐnแห่งhɛ̀ngการปกครองgaan-bpòk-krɔɔngเป็นbpenสิ่งที่sìng-tîiผู้มีอำนาจpûu-mii-am-nâatพึงpʉngศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaให้hâiถ่องแท้tɔ̀ɔng-tɛ́ɛ
The science and art of governance is something that those in power should study thoroughly.
พระราชพงศาวดารprá-râat-chá-pong-săa-wá-daanบันทึกเหตุการณ์ban-téuk hèt gaanสำคัญsăm-kanทางประวัติศาสตร์taang bprà-wàt-sàatแลlaeการgaanสืบสันตติวงศ์sèup săn-dtà-dtì-wongของkŏngกษัตริย์gà-sàt
The royal chronicles record important historical events and the royal succession of kings.
3ParticleC1
indeed (final particle, arch., lit.)
An archaic or literary sentence-final particle marking emphasis or assertion.
Examples
ดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmกิริยาท่าทางgì-rí-yaa-tâa-taangกิริยาท่าทางgì-rí-yaa-tâa-taang1manners; behavior; demeanor2body language; gestures; posture; mannerismsแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillคงkongคงkong1probably; likely2still; unchanged3[to] remain; stay unchanged4lasting; enduring5firm; steady; stable6[to] keep; retain; preserveไม่พอใจmâi-pɔɔ-jaiไม่พอใจmâi-pɔɔ-jai[to be] dissatisfied; displeased; unhappy (with [sth]/[sb])เป็นแน่แท้bpen-nɛ̂ɛ-tɛ́ɛเป็นแน่แท้bpen-nɛ̂ɛ-tɛ́ɛcertainly; for sureแลlɛɛแลlɛɛ1[to] look; behold (arch., lit.)2and; as well as (arch., lit.)3indeed (final particle, arch., lit.)4look! (arch. exclamation)
Judging from his demeanor, he is most certainly displeased indeed.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaจากjàakหลักฐานlàk-tǎanทั้งหมดtáng-mòtข้าพเจ้าkâa-pá-jâaoเห็นว่าhěn-wâaจำเลยjam-ləəiเป็นbpenผู้บริสุทธิ์pûu-bɔɔ-rí-sùtแลlɛɛ
Having considered all evidence, I find that the defendant is indeed innocent.
อันว่าan-wâaชีวิตchii-wítนี้níiก็gɔ̂เท่านี้tâo-níiเองeengเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂ดับไปdàp-bpaiเป็นธรรมดาbpen-tam-má-daaแลlɛɛ
Such is life; it arises, it exists, and then it ceases as is its nature, apparently.
หากhàakท่านtânยังyangขืนkʉ̌ʉnดื้อดึงdʉ̂ʉ-dʉngต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiที่สุดtîi-sùtแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂จักjàkพบpópแต่dtɛ̀ɛความพินาศkwaam-pí-nâatแต่เพียงdtɛ̀ɛ-piiangถ่ายtàaiเดียวdiiaoแลlɛɛ
If you insist on being stubborn, in the end you shall surely meet with destruction alone.
4InterjectionC1
look! (arch. exclamation)
an archaic exclamation used to draw attention
Examples
แลlɛɛแลlɛɛ1[to] look; behold (arch., lit.)2and; as well as (arch., lit.)3indeed (final particle, arch., lit.)4look! (arch. exclamation)ดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneโน่นnôonโน่นnôon1that (over there); way over there2way back/ahead (in time)3Over there!สิsìสิsì1emphatic particle (statement)2urging/encouraging particle (imperative)นั่นnânนั่นnânthat (over there)ใช่châiใช่châi1yes; that's right2[to be] correct; rightขบวนเสด็จkà-buuan-sà-dètขบวนเสด็จkà-buuan-sà-dètroyal procession; royal motorcadeของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsพระราชาprá-raa-chaaพระราชาprá-raa-chaakingหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâiหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi1or not? (question particle)2whether ... or not
Hark! Look over there, is that not the king's royal procession?
3 more examplesShow less
Hark! All you brave warriors, listen to the celestial decree.
แลlɛɛดูduuเอาเถิดao-tə̀ətผลpǒnแห่งhɛ̀ngความประมาทเลินเล่อkwaam-bprà-mâat-ləən-lə̂əของkɔ̌ɔngเจ้าjâaoมันmanนำมาซึ่งnam-maa-sʉ̂ngความวิบัติkwaam-wí-bàtอันanใหญ่หลวงyài-lǔuang
Behold! Witness the result of your negligence; it has brought about a great disaster.
แลlɛɛอ้าâaพระแม่คงคาprá-mɛ̂ɛ-kong-kaaโปรดbpròotเป็นbpenพยานpá-yaanข้าkâaขอkɔ̌ɔสาบานsǎa-baanว่าwâaจะjàไม่mâiกลับมาglàp-maaเหยียบyìiapแผ่นดินpɛ̀n-dinนี้níiอีกìik
Hark! Oh, Mother Ganga, please be my witness, I swear I will never set foot on this land again.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
lɛɛ
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |