สำนัก
sǎm-nákMeanings
1NounB1
office; bureau; agency
a formal office or bureau within an organization or government
Examples
ประกาศbprà-gàatประกาศbprà-gàat1[to] announce; declare2announcement; notice3proclamation; decree4[to] proclaim; promulgate (form.)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ออกɔ̀ɔkออกɔ̀ɔk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)โดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withสำนักทะเบียนsǎm-nák-tá-biianสำนักทะเบียนsǎm-nák-tá-biian1government registration office; registry2university registrar's officeของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiuniversity
This announcement was issued by the university’s Registrar’s Office.
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สำนักงบประมาณsǎm-nák-ngóp-bprà-maanได้dâaiเผยแพร่pə̌əi-prɛ̂ɛนโยบายná-yoo-baaiใหม่màiเกี่ยวกับgìiao-gàpการจัดสรรgaan-jàt-sǎnเงินngənแผ่นดินpɛ̀n-din
The Bureau of the Budget released a new policy on the allocation of state funds.
โครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiต้องdtɔ̂ngได้รับdâi-rápอนุมัติà-nú-mátจากjàakสำนักบริหารsǎm-nák-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanกลางglaangก่อนgɔ̀ɔnจึงjʉngจะjàเริ่มrə̂əmได้dâai
This project must be approved by the Central Administrative Office before it can start.
กฎหมายgòt-mǎaiฉบับchà-bàpแก้ไขgɛ̂ɛ-kǎiกำหนดgam-nòtให้hâiสำนักกำกับsǎm-nák-gam-gàpดูแลduu-lɛɛดำเนินdam-nəənการประเมินผลgaan-bprà-məən-pǒnกระทบgrà-tópเชิงนโยบายchəəng-ná-yoo-baaiอย่างเป็นระบบyàang-bpen-rá-bòp
The amended law requires the regulatory bureau to conduct systematic policy impact assessments.
2NounB2
school; sect; tradition
a school or sect of thought, belief, or practice, especially in religion, philosophy, or the arts
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎa1[to] study; learn2[to] research; investigate3[to] consider; look intoพุทธธรรมpút-tá-tamพุทธธรรมpút-tá-tamBuddhist teachings (Dharma)ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)6[to] send for; fetch [sb]7[to] light; kindle (literary)สำนักsǎm-nákสำนักsǎm-nák1office; bureau; agency2school; sect; tradition3residence; establishment; headquartersเถรวาทtěe-rá-wâatเถรวาทtěe-rá-wâat1Theravada Buddhism2Theravāda; Theravādin (relating to Theravāda)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛfrom; since (starting point)เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)
He has studied Buddhist teachings according to the Theravada school since childhood
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ในnaiปรัชญาbpràt-yaaไทยtaiมีmeeหลายlăaiสำนักsăm-nákความคิดkwaam kítที่têeถกเถียงกันtòk tĭiang ganเรื่องrêuuangคุณค่าkun-ná-kâaชีวิตchee-wít
In Thai philosophy there are various schools of thought that debate the value of life
นักประวัติศาสตร์nák bprà-wàt-sàatเปรียบเทียบbprìiap tîiapแนวnaeoตีความdtee kwaamจากjàakสองsŏngสำนักsăm-nákศิลปะsĭn-lá-bpàเพื่อpêuuaอธิบายà-tí-baaiความเปลี่ยนแปลงkwaam bplìan bplaengของkŏngรสนิยมrót-ní-yomยุคใหม่yúk mài
The historian compares interpretive approaches from two schools of art to explain changes in modern taste
วงwongวิชาการwí-chaa-gaanยังyangถกtòkกันganไม่mâiจบjòpว่าwâaควรkuuanยึดyʉ́tสำนักsǎm-nákใดdaiเป็นหลักbpen-làkในnaiการอ่านgaan-àanวรรณกรรมwan-ná-gamร่วมสมัยrûuam-sà-mǎi
The academic circle still debates which school should be the main framework for reading contemporary literature
3NounB2
residence; establishment; headquarters
a place where someone lives or where a group is based and works (e.g., a monk’s residence, a teacher’s place, a studio, an organization’s headquarters)
Examples
พระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanพระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanVenerable teacher (Buddhist monk)พำนักpam-nákพำนักpam-nák[to] reside; stay; lodge (formal/literary)อยู่ที่yùu-tîiอยู่ที่yùu-tîi1[to] be at; be located at2[to] be at (a level/amount)3[to] depend on; be up toสำนักกลางsǎm-nák-glaangสำนักกลางsǎm-nák-glaang1central office; headquarters2central agency; central authorityป่าbpàaป่าbpàa1forest; woodland2the wild; wilderness3wild; undomesticated; uncultivatedไม่ไกลmâi-glaiไม่ไกลmâi-glainot far; nearจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan1village; hamlet2housing estate; gated community
The revered monk resides at a hermitage in the forest, not far from the village.
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เธอtəəไปbpaiฝึกงานfʉ̀k-ngaanที่tîiสำนักsǎm-nákของkɔ̌ɔngครูใหญ่kruu-yàiซึ่งsʉ̂ngตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuหลังlǎngวัดwát
She interned at the master teacher’s place, which is located behind the temple.
คณะká-náศิลปินsǐn-lá-bpinย้ายyáaiฐานtǎanการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanไปยังbpai-yangสำนักsǎm-nákใหม่màiที่tîiดัดแปลงdàt-bplɛɛngจากjàakโกดังgoo-dangเก่าgào
The group of artists moved their base of work to a new studio adapted from an old warehouse.
นักเขียนnák kĭianหลายคนlăai konรวมตัวกันruuam dtuua ganที่têeสำนักเล็กsăm-nák lékๆ-ริมแม่น้ำrim mâe-náamเพื่อpêuuaทำงานtam ngaanและláeแลกlâekเปลี่ยนความคิดbplìian kwaam kít
Many writers gathered at a small riverside retreat to work and exchange ideas.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สำนัก said สัม-นัก?
sǎm-nák
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |