มูล
muunMeanings
1NounA2
excrement; dung; feces; manure
animal or human excrement; dung; feces; also manure used as fertilizer
Examples
พื้นpʉ́ʉnพื้นpʉ́ʉn1floor2ground; base surface; bottom3plain; unpatterned4basis; level; background (figurative)5background (color/pattern)ทางเดินtaang-dəənทางเดินtaang-dəən1walkway; passage; corridor; aisle; path2path; route; course (figurative)3tract; passageway (anatomy/system)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoมูลmuunมูลmuun1excrement; dung; feces; manure2basis; grounds; foundation; cause3value; worth (monetary)4principal; capital (finance)หมาmǎaหมาmǎa1dog2dog (insult)ระวังrá-wangระวังrá-wang1[to] be careful; take care2watch out!; caution!3[to] watch out for; guard againstเหยียบyìiapเหยียบyìiap1[to] step on; tread on2[to] press (a pedal) with the foot3[to] crush/flatten underfoot4[to] reach (a speed of)
There is dog poop on the walkway; be careful not to step on it.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday the farmer collected cow dung to make fertilizer.
กลิ่นglìnมูลmuunที่tîiกองgɔɔngอยู่yùuหลังlǎngคอกkɔ̂ɔkแรงมากrɛɛng-mâakจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngสวมหน้ากากsǔuam-nâa-gàak
The smell of the piled-up manure behind the pen is so strong that we have to wear masks.
2NounB2
basis; grounds; foundation; cause
the underlying basis, grounds, foundation, or cause for an argument, claim, or action
Examples
ข้อกล่าวหาkɔ̂ɔ-glàao-hǎaข้อกล่าวหาkɔ̂ɔ-glàao-hǎa1accusation; allegation2legal charge; countนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ไม่มีมูลmâi-mii-muunไม่มีมูลmâi-mii-muunbaseless; unfounded; groundlessเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔ1enough; sufficient; adequate2sufficiently; enoughจึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)ยกฟ้องyók-fɔ́ɔngยกฟ้องyók-fɔ́ɔng[to] dismiss a case; acquit
This accusation lacks sufficient grounds and was therefore dismissed.
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The journalist asked for the basis of the information before publishing.
นักวิชาการnák-wí-chaa-gaanชี้ว่าchíi-wâaควรkuuanมีmiiมูลmuunทางวิชาการtaang-wí-chaa-gaanรองรับrɔɔng-rápนโยบายná-yoo-baaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสังคมsǎng-komยอมรับyɔɔm-ráp
Scholars point out that policies should have academic grounds to gain public acceptance.
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiบนbonมูลmuunของkɔ̌ɔngหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์làk-tǎan-chəəng-bprà-jàkมากกว่าmâak-gwàaความเห็นส่วนตัวkwaam-hěn-sùuan-dtuua
The committee made its decision on the basis of empirical evidence rather than personal opinions.
3NounB2
value; worth (monetary)
monetary value or worth; price valuation
Examples
ของสะสมkɔ̌ɔng-sà-sǒmของสะสมkɔ̌ɔng-sà-sǒm1collectibles; collected items2a (personal) collectionชิ้นนี้chín-níiชิ้นนี้chín-níi1this piece/item2this (piece or item)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoมูลmuunมูลmuun1excrement; dung; feces; manure2basis; grounds; foundation; cause3value; worth (monetary)4principal; capital (finance)สูงsǔungสูงsǔung1tall; high (physical height)2high (degree/level/price/rank)3up; to a high position4advanced; elevated (abstract)เพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingหายากhǎa-yâakหายากhǎa-yâakrare; hard to find; scarceและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)สภาพดีsà-pâap-diiสภาพดีsà-pâap-diiin good condition; well-kept
This collectible has high monetary value because it’s rare and in good condition.
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ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnขายkǎaiบ้านbâanควรkuuanประเมินbprà-məənมูลmuunเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกำหนดgam-nòtราคาที่เหมาะสมraa-kaa-tîi-mɔ̀-sǒm
Before selling a house, you should appraise its value to set an appropriate price.
นักลงทุนnák-long-tunสนใจsǒn-jaiบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtที่tîiมีmiiมูลmuunกิจgìtการเติบโตgaan-dtə̀əp-dtooอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉang
Investors are interested in companies whose enterprise value grows consistently.
ส่วนลดsùuan-lótที่tîiให้มาhâi-maaทำให้tam-hâiมูลmuunรวมruuamของkɔ̌ɔngสัญญาsǎn-yaaลดลงlót-longอย่างมีนัยสำคัญyàang-mii-nai-sǎm-kan
The discount provided significantly reduced the total monetary value of the contract.
4NounC1
principal; capital (finance)
the principal sum or capital amount in finance (as opposed to interest)
Examples
ธนาคารtá-naa-kaanธนาคารtá-naa-kaan1bank (financial institution)2bank (of something, specialized)แจ้งว่าjɛ̂ɛng-wâaแจ้งว่าjɛ̂ɛng-wâa[to] inform that; [to] report thatต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toชำระcham-ráชำระcham-rá1[to] pay; settle (a bill/debt)2[to] clean; cleanse; wash3[to] purify; rectify; purge4[to] verify and clear (accounts)ดอกเบี้ยแยกdɔ̀ɔk-bîia-yɛ̂ɛkดอกเบี้ยแยกdɔ̀ɔk-bîia-yɛ̂ɛkseparately stated interest; separate interest chargeจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmมูลเงินmuun-ngənมูลเงินmuun-ngənmonetary value; sum of moneyต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)
The bank stated that interest must be paid separately from the principal amount.
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ในnaiสัญญาsǎn-yaaกู้ยืมgûu-yʉʉmระบุrá-bùชัดchátว่าwâaมูลหนี้muun-nîiคือkʉʉหนึ่งแสนnʉ̀ng-sɛ̌ɛnบาทbàatไม่mâiรวมruuamดอกเบี้ยค้างdɔ̀ɔk-bîia-káangรับráp
The loan contract clearly states that the principal debt is 100,000 baht, excluding accrued interest.
นักลงทุนnák-long-tunควรkuuanแยกyɛ̂ɛkมูลเงินmuun-ngənต้นdtônออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakผลตอบแทนpǒn-dtɔ̀ɔp-tɛɛnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaประเมินbprà-məənความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangและlɛ́กระแสเงินสดgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-ngən-sòtได้dâaiอย่างถูกต้องyàang-tùuk-dtɔ̂ng
Investors should separate the principal from returns to accurately assess risk and cash flow.
คำพิพากษาkam-pí-pâak-sǎaกำหนดgam-nòtให้hâiจำเลยjam-ləəiชำระcham-ráเฉพาะchà-pɔ́มูลหนี้muun-nîiก่อนgɔ̀ɔnแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngคำนวณkam-nuuanดอกเบี้ยdɔ̀ɔk-bîiaตามdtaamอัตราàt-dtraaที่tîiตกลงdtòk-longภายหลังpaai-lǎng
The judgment requires the defendant to pay only the principal first, and then calculate interest at the agreed rate thereafter.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
muun
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |