ตำรายา
dtam-raa-yaaMeanings
1NounB2
medical formulary; book of prescriptions
A book or manual that lists medicines, including traditional or herbal remedies, along with their recipes, properties, and instructions for use.
Examples
คุณยายkun yaaiคุณยายkun yaaimaternal grandmother; respectful term for an elderly womanเปิดbpèrtเปิดbpèrt1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for business4[to] put on; play (music or video)ตำราdtam-raaตำราdtam-raa1textbook; manual; handbook2treatise; authoritative/classical text3recipe; formula (traditional)ยาสมุนไพรyaa sà-mǔn praiยาสมุนไพรyaa sà-mǔn praiherbal medicine; herbal remedyเก่าๆgào gàoเก่าๆgào gàoold; oldish (reduplicated)เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofหาhăaหาhăa1[to] look for; search for2[to] find (after searching)3huh?; what? (informal)4[to] get; procure5[to] earn (money); make a living6[to] visit; go see7[to] seek out; contactสูตรsòotสูตรsòot1recipe; set of instructions2formula; equation; expression3method; standard procedure4sutra; Buddhist discourseยาแก้ไอyaa gâe aiยาแก้ไอyaa gâe aicough medicine; cough syrupให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)หลานlăanหลานlăan1grandchild2niece or nephew
Grandma opened her old herbal remedy book to find a cough syrup recipe for her grandchild.
3 more examplesShow less
ที่tîiวัดโพธิ์มีwát-poo-miiจารึกjaa-rʉ́kตำราdtam-raaยาแผนโบราณyaa-pɛ̌ɛn-boo-raanอยู่yùuบนbonแผ่นหินpɛ̀n-hǐnให้hâiคนkonได้dâaiศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎa
At Wat Pho, there are inscriptions of traditional medicine formulas on stone slabs for people to study.
ตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaเล่มlêmนี้níiรวบรวมrûuap-ruuamสรรพคุณsàp-pá-kunของkɔ̌ɔngพืชสมุนไพรpʉ̂ʉt-sà-mǔn-praiพื้นบ้านpʉ́ʉn-bâanกว่าgwàaร้อยrɔ́ɔiชนิดchá-nítพร้อมprɔ́ɔmวิธีwí-tiiปรุงยาbprung-yaaอย่างละเอียดyàang-lá-ìiat
This book of remedies compiles the properties of over a hundred local medicinal plants with detailed instructions on how to prepare them.
นักพฤกษศาสตร์nák-prʉ́k-sà-sàatกำลังgam-langแปลbplɛɛตำราdtam-raaยาโบราณyaa-boo-raanที่tîiเขียนkǐianด้วยdûuaiอักษรàk-sɔ̌ɔnขอมkɔ̌ɔmเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaอนุรักษ์à-nú-rákภูมิปัญญาpuum-bpan-yaaของkɔ̌ɔngบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rút
Botanists are translating an ancient remedy book written in Khom script to preserve ancestral wisdom.
2NounC1
pharmacopoeia
An official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for their use, often including standards for purity and strength.
Examples
ยาyaaยาyaa1medicine; medication2drug (narcotic/illicit)3chemical/agent4[to] caulk; sealชนิดchá-nítชนิดchá-nít1kind; type; category2classifier for kinds/types3species; kind (biology)ใหม่màiใหม่mài1new; not old2again; anew3new; inexperienced (novice)4hibiscus (Northern Thai)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)บรรจุban-jùบรรจุban-jù1[to] fill; pack; put into2[to] include; contain; be filled with3[to] appoint; install (officially)4[to] load (data/material)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaตำรายาdtam-raa-yaa1medical formulary; book of prescriptions2pharmacopoeiaของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffประเทศbprà-têetประเทศbprà-têetcountry; nation; stateหลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)ผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; throughการรับรองgaan-ráp-rɔɔngการรับรองgaan-ráp-rɔɔng1official recognition; approval; certification; accreditation; endorsement2attestation; confirmation; vouching3reception; hosting (of guests); hospitalityจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmองค์การong-gaanองค์การong-gaanorganization; agencyอาหารaa-hǎanอาหารaa-hǎan1food; nourishment2dish; meal3diet; what one eatsและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ยาyaaยาyaa1medicine; medication2drug (narcotic/illicit)3chemical/agent4[to] caulk; sealแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
A new drug will be listed in the country's official drug formulary after it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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เภสัชกรpee-sàt-chá-gɔɔnต้องdtɔ̂ngตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunการจ่ายgaan-jàaiยาyaaให้hâiตรงตามdtrong-dtaamที่tîiระบุrá-bùไว้wáiในnaiตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaแห่งชาติhɛ̀ng-châatฉบับchà-bàpปัจจุบันbpàt-jù-banเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Pharmacists must always verify that the dispensing information matches what is specified in the current national pharmacopoeia.
การกำหนดgaan-gam-nòtมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tǎanความบริสุทธิ์kwaam-bɔɔ-rí-sùtและlɛ́ปริมาณbpà-rí-maanตัวยาdtuua-yaaสำคัญsǎm-kanในnaiตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaแห่งชาติhɛ̀ng-châatเป็นbpenกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanที่tîiซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngอาศัยaa-sǎiข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunทางวิทยาศาสตร์taang-wít-tá-yaa-sàatที่tîiน่าเชื่อถือnâa-chʉ̂ʉa-tʉ̌ʉ
Establishing the standards for purity and the quantity of active ingredients in the national pharmacopoeia is a complex process that relies on credible scientific data.
โรงพยาบาลroong-pá-yaa-baanทุกแห่งtúk-hɛ̀ngต้องdtɔ̂ngปฏิบัติตามbpà-dtì-bàt-dtaamบัญชียาban-chii-yaaหลักlàkแห่งชาติhɛ̀ng-châatซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นส่วนหนึ่งbpen-sùuan-nʉ̀ngของkɔ̌ɔngตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaที่tîiรัฐrátกำหนดgam-nòtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaควบคุมkûuap-kumการใช้ยาgaan-chái-yaaอย่างyàangสมsǒmเหตุผลhèet-pǒn
All hospitals must adhere to the National List of Essential Medicines, which is part of the state-regulated pharmacopoeia, to control the rational use of drugs.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ตำรายา said ตัม-รา-ยา?
dtam-raa-yaa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ตำราdtam-raaตำราdtam-raa1textbook; manual; handbook2treatise; authoritative/classical text3recipe; formula (traditional)textbook; manual; handbookPart 1
+
ยาyaaยาyaa1medicine; medication2drug (narcotic/illicit)3chemical/agent4[to] caulk; sealmedicine; medicationPart 2
ตำรายาdtam-raa-yaaตำรายาdtam-raa-yaamedical formulary; book of prescriptionsmedical formulary; book of prescriptionsWord