ตำรา

dtam-raa

Meanings

1NounB1

textbook; manual; handbook

A book for study or instruction; a textbook, manual, or handbook used for learning a subject or method.

Examples

3 more examples
2NounB2

treatise; authoritative/classical text

A formal or traditional work regarded as authoritative on a subject, often drawing from classical or traditional knowledge.

Examples

3 more examples
The monk studies an old treatise regarded as the principal teaching of that lineage.
3NounB2

recipe; formula (traditional)

A prescribed traditional method or recipe, especially for preparing medicine, remedies, or food.

Examples

3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

Why is ตำรา said ตัม-รา?

dtam-raa

The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.

2 syllables · pick one to see its rule

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Mid tone

dtam

Level, in your normal speaking voice.

Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——

Word Breakdown

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ตำราdtam-raaตำราdtam-raatextbook; manual; handbooktextbook; manual; handbookWord