ฉันทะ
chǎn-táMeanings
1NounB2
consent; approval; assent
Agreement or formal permission; assent given to allow something. Often used in formal contexts (e.g., ให้ฉันทะ ‘to grant consent’).
Examples
ที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chum1meeting; conference (event)2meeting venue/room3the assembly; the bodyมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoฉันทะchǎn-táฉันทะchǎn-tá1consent; approval; assent2satisfaction; willingness3desire; aspiration; motivationให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; throughร่างrâangร่างrâang1body; form; figure2draft; outline3[to] draft; sketch; outlineงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maan1budget (financial plan)2budget (allocated funds)สำหรับsǎm-ràpสำหรับsǎm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingปีหน้าbpii-nâaปีหน้าbpii-nâanext yearแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
The meeting has given its assent to pass the draft budget for next year.
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ผู้ถือหุ้นpûu-tʉ̌ʉ-hûnรายย่อยraai-yɔ̂iได้dâaiมอบฉันทะmɔ̂ɔp-chǎn-táให้hâiตัวแทนdtuua-tɛɛnเข้าkâoประชุมbprà-chumและlɛ́ลงคะแนนเสียงlong-ká-nɛɛn-sǐiangแทนtɛɛnตนdton
The minority shareholders have given their proxy (formal assent) to a representative to attend the meeting and vote on their behalf.
การแก้ไขgaan-gɛ̂ɛ-kǎiข้อบังคับkɔ̂ɔ-bang-kápของkɔ̌ɔngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtต้องdtɔ̂ngได้รับdâi-rápฉันทามติchǎn-taa-má-dtìจากjàakคณะกรรมการบริหารká-ná-gam-má-gaan-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanทั้งหมดtáng-mòt
Amending the company's regulations requires the formal consent of the entire board of directors.
กระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanสรรหาsǎn-hǎaนายกรัฐมนตรีnaa-yók-rát-tà-mon-dtriiคนใหม่kon-màiไม่สามารถmâi-sǎa-mâatเดินหน้าdəən-nâaต่อdtɔ̀ɔได้dâaiหากhàakไม่ได้รับmâi-dâi-rápฉันทะchǎn-táจากjàakสมาชิกรัฐสภาsà-maa-chík-rát-tà-sà-paaอย่างเป็นเอกฉันท์yàang-bpen-èek-gà-chǎn
The process of selecting a new prime minister cannot proceed without receiving unanimous formal assent from the members of parliament.
2NounB2
satisfaction; willingness
A genuine liking, satisfaction, or willingness to do something.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoฉันทะchǎn-táฉันทะchǎn-tá1consent; approval; assent2satisfaction; willingness3desire; aspiration; motivationในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)การทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaan1working; work (the act)2operation; functioningมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousถึงแม้จะtʉ̌ng-mɛ́ɛ-jàถึงแม้จะtʉ̌ng-mɛ́ɛ-jàeven though; althoughดึกดื่นdʉ̀k-dʉ̀ʉnดึกดื่นdʉ̀k-dʉ̀ʉnvery late at night; in the small hoursแค่ไหนkɛ̂ɛ-nǎiแค่ไหนkɛ̂ɛ-nǎi1how much; to what extent2how far/long3no matter how ... (pattern)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่เคยmâi-kəəiไม่เคยmâi-kəəinever; have neverบ่นbònบ่นbòn1to complain; grumble2to nag
He has a great willingness to work; no matter how late it gets, he never complains.
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นักเรียนnák-riianคนนี้kon-níiทำการบ้านtam-gaan-bâanด้วยdûuaiความkwaamมีmiiฉันทะchǎn-táเสมอsà-mə̌əผลการเรียนpǒn-gaan-riianของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoจึงjʉngดีเยี่ยมdii-yîiam
This student always does his homework with genuine willingness, so his academic results are excellent.
การที่gaan-tîiเขาkǎoอุทิศù-títเวลาว่างwee-laa-wâangทั้งหมดtáng-mòtให้กับhâi-gàpงานอาสาสมัครngaan-aa-sǎa-sà-màkแสดงให้เห็นถึงsà-dɛɛng-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngฉันทะchǎn-táอันanแรงกล้าrɛɛng-glâaที่จะtîi-jàช่วยเหลือchûuai-lʉ̌ʉaสังคมsǎng-kom
The fact that he dedicates all his free time to volunteer work shows his strong willingness to help society.
ความสำเร็จkwaam-sǎm-rètของkɔ̌ɔngโครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiมาจากmaa-jàakงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanที่สูงtîi-sǔungแต่dtɛ̀ɛมาจากmaa-jàakฉันทะchǎn-táของkɔ̌ɔngทีมงานtiim-ngaanทุกคนtúk-konที่tîiร่วมแรงร่วมใจกันrûuam-rɛɛng-rûuam-jai-gan
The success of this project didn't come from a large budget, but from the genuine satisfaction and willingness of every team member who worked together.
3NounC1
desire; aspiration; motivation
Desire or motivation to act; in Buddhist teaching, especially the willingness or aspiration to undertake a practice or accomplish a goal.
Examples
การทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaan1working; work (the act)2operation; functioningให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)สำเร็จsǎm-rètสำเร็จsǎm-rèt1[to] succeed2finished; completedต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toอาศัยaa-sǎiอาศัยaa-sǎi1[to] live; reside; stay2[to] rely on; depend on; make use of3by; by means of (formal)ฉันทะchǎn-táฉันทะchǎn-tá1consent; approval; assent2satisfaction; willingness3desire; aspiration; motivationคือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.ความพอใจkwaam-pɔɔ-jaiความพอใจkwaam-pɔɔ-jai1satisfaction; contentment2preference; likingรักใคร่rák-krâiรักใคร่rák-krâi[to] love; be fond of [sb]ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สิ่งที่sìng-tîiสิ่งที่sìng-tîithe thing that; whatทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; make
To complete a task successfully, one needs 'chantha', which is the satisfaction and love for what one is doing.
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ในnaiทางธรรมtaang-tamฉันทะchǎn-táเป็นbpenแรงผลักดันrɛɛng-plàk-danฝ่ายfàaiดีที่dii-tîiทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətความพยายามkwaam-pá-yaa-yaamไม่เหมือนmâi-mʉ̌ʉanตัณหาdtan-hǎaที่tîiเป็นbpenความอยากkwaam-yàakได้dâaiใคร่krâiมีmii
In Dhamma, 'chantha' is a positive driving force that leads to effort, unlike craving (tanha) which is the desire for possession.
การมีgaan-miiฉันทะchǎn-táในnaiการปฏิบัติธรรมgaan-bpà-dtì-bàt-tamเป็นbpenบันไดban-daiขั้นแรกkân-rɛ̂ɛkสู่sùuความkwaamวิมุตติwí-mút-dtìหลุดพ้นlùt-pónเพราะprɔ́มันmanคือkʉʉความkwaamใฝ่fàiดีที่dii-tîiบริสุทธิ์bɔɔ-rí-sùtปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakกิเลสgì-lèet
Having 'chantha' in spiritual practice is the first step towards liberation, because it is a pure aspiration for good, free from defilements.
ท่านtânอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaอิทธิบาทìt-tí-bàat๔sìiเริ่มต้นrə̂əm-dtônจากjàakฉันทะchǎn-táซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenกุศลgù-sǒnฉันทะchǎn-táที่tîiมุ่งมั่นmûng-mânจะjàกระทำgrà-tamสิ่งนั้นsìng-nánให้hâiสำเร็จลุล่วงsǎm-rèt-lú-lûuangด้วยdûuaiใจรักjai-rák
He explained that the Four Paths of Accomplishment (Iddhipada) begin with 'chantha', a wholesome desire and determination to bring something to a successful conclusion with a willing heart.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
chǎn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |