กระทำ
grà-tamMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] do; perform; act
to carry out or perform an action; to do something (formal/neutral register)
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ควรkuuanควรkuuan1should; ought to2appropriate; proper; suitable3[to] deserve; be worthy ofคิดkítคิดkít1[to] think; consider2[to] calculate; figure out3[to] charge (a price)4[to] intend; planก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerกระทำgrà-tamกระทำgrà-tam1[to] do; perform; act2[to] commit (an act/offense)3[to] treat; act toward
We should think before acting.
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Yesterday the working group carried out the planned actions.
เขาkǎoจะjàกระทำgrà-tamสิ่งที่sìng-tîiได้รับมอบหมายdâi-ráp-mɔ̂ɔp-mǎaiให้hâiเสร็จsètภายในpaai-naiวันนี้wan-níi
He will perform the tasks assigned to him by the end of today.
เพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiโครงการkroong-gaanเดินหน้าdəən-nâaเราraoจำเป็นต้องjam-bpen-dtɔ̂ngกระทำgrà-tamอย่างyàangเป็นbpenขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnและlɛ́ตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpผลลัพธ์pǒn-láp
To move the project forward, we need to act systematically and verify the results.
2VerbB1
[to] commit (an act/offense)
to commit or carry out an act, especially used with wrongdoing or legal/official contexts (e.g., commit an offense, commit violence)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)กล่าวหาglàao-hǎaกล่าวหาglàao-hǎa[to] accuse [sb] (of [sth])ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeกระทำgrà-tamกระทำgrà-tam1[to] do; perform; act2[to] commit (an act/offense)3[to] treat; act towardความผิดkwaam-pìtความผิดkwaam-pìt1fault; blame; guilt2offense; violation (legal)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)คืนkʉʉnคืนkʉʉn1nighttime; night2[to] return [sth]; give back3[to] refund; reimburse4back; in return5[to] return; come back (literary)เกิดเหตุgə̀ət-hèetเกิดเหตุgə̀ət-hèet[for an incident] to occur
He was accused of committing an offense on the night of the incident.
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ผู้ต้องสงสัยpûu-dtɔ̂ng-sǒng-sǎiยอมรับyɔɔm-rápว่าwâaกระทำการgrà-tam-gaanทำร้ายร่างกายtam-ráai-râang-gaaiตามที่dtaam-tîiถูกtùukตั้งข้อหาdtâng-kɔ̂ɔ-hǎa
The suspect admitted to committing assault as charged.
The court ruled that he committed a legal offense and must be punished.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtจะjàดำเนินคดีdam-nəən-ká-diiกับgàpผู้ที่pûu-tîiกระทำgrà-tamความเสียหายkwaam-sǐia-hǎaiต่อdtɔ̀ɔทรัพย์สินsáp-sǐnของkɔ̌ɔngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàt
The company will take legal action against those who commit damage to the company’s property.
3VerbB2
[to] treat; act toward
to behave toward or deal with someone or something in a certain manner (often in set phrases such as กระทำต่อ…/กระทำกับกระทำกับgrà-tam-gàp[to] treat [sb]; [to] do [sth] to [sb]…)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillกระทำgrà-tamกระทำgrà-tam1[to] do; perform; act2[to] commit (an act/offense)3[to] treat; act towardต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extendเพื่อนร่วมงานpʉ̂ʉan-rûuam-ngaanเพื่อนร่วมงานpʉ̂ʉan-rûuam-ngaancoworker; colleague; workmateด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความสุภาพkwaam-sù-pâapความสุภาพkwaam-sù-pâappoliteness; courtesy; civilityแม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)มีความเห็นmii-kwaam-hěnมีความเห็นmii-kwaam-hěn[to] have an opinionไม่ตรงmâi-dtrongไม่ตรงmâi-dtrong1not straight; crooked2inaccurate; not corresponding3not straightforward; indirectกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmark
He behaves toward his colleagues politely, even when they disagree.
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อย่าyàaกระทำกับgrà-tam gàpลูกค้าlûuk-káaอย่างyàangหยาบคายyàap kaaiเพราะpráwจะjàทำให้tam hâiเสียsĭiaภาพลักษณ์pâap-pá-lákของkŏngร้านráan
Don't treat customers rudely, because it will harm the shop's image.
ผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanถูกtùukวิจารณ์wí-jaanว่าwâaกระทำgrà-tamต่อdtɔ̀ɔพนักงานใหม่pá-nák-ngaan-màiอย่างไม่เป็นธรรมyàang-mâi-bpen-tam
The manager was criticized for treating the new staff unfairly.
ขอให้kɔ̌ɔ-hâiกระทำgrà-tamต่อdtɔ̀ɔผู้ที่pûu-tîiมีความเห็นmii-kwaam-hěnต่างdtàangด้วยdûuaiความเคารพkwaam-kao-rópแม้mɛ́ɛเราraoจะjàไม่mâiเห็นพ้องhěn-pɔ́ɔngก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
Please behave toward those with different opinions with respect, even if we disagree.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กระทำ said กระ-ทัม?
grà-tam
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
grà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; make[to] do; makePart 2
กระทำgrà-tamกระทำgrà-tam[to] do; perform; act[to] do; perform; actWord