โทรม
soomMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
dilapidated; run-down
in poor condition from age, use, or neglect; shabby or deteriorated (of objects/buildings)
Examples
บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousผนังpà-nǎngผนังpà-nǎng1wall (of a room/building)2wall (anatomy/biology)ลอกlɔ̂ɔkลอกlɔ̂ɔk1[to] peel; flake off2[to] copy; duplicateและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)หลังคาโทรมlǎng-kaa-soomหลังคาโทรมlǎng-kaa-soomdilapidated roof; run-down roofจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofรั่วrûuaรั่วrûua1leaky; not watertight2[to] leak (liquid/gas)3[to] leak (information)4insecure; prone to leaks (figurative)เวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesฝนตกfǒn-dtòkฝนตกfǒn-dtòkit is raining; [to] rain
This house is very old; the paint is peeling and the shabby roof leaks when it rains.
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ตู้ไม้dtûu-máaiในnaiโรงเรียนroong-riianถูกtùukใช้งานchái-ngaanมานานmaa-naanจนjonโทรมsoomบานพับbaan-pápขึ้นสนิมkʉ̂n-sà-nǐmและlɛ́เปิดปิดbpə̀ət-bpìtยากyâak
The wooden cabinet at school has been used for so long that it’s shabby; the hinges are rusty and hard to open and close.
สะพานsà-paanเล็กๆlék lékในnaiหมู่บ้านmòo bâanไม่ได้mâi dâaiซ่อมแซมsôm saemมาmaaหลายlăaiปีbpeeจึงjeungดูโทรมdoo sohmและláeมีmeeแผ่นไม้pàen máaiหักhàkหลายlăaiจุดjùt
The small bridge in the village hasn’t been repaired for years, so it looks shabby and has several broken planks.
หลังร้านlǎng-ráanเก็บgèpเครื่องมือkrʉ̂ʉang-mʉʉถูกtùukปล่อยbplɔ̀iทิ้งไว้tíng-wáiนานnaanจนjonโทรมsoomกุญแจgun-jɛɛขึ้นสนิมkʉ̂n-sà-nǐmและlɛ́กระจกgrà-jòkหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangแตกร้าวdtɛ̀ɛk-ráaoหลายlǎaiบานbaan
The tool shed behind the shop has been neglected so long that it’s deteriorated; the lock is rusty and many windowpanes are cracked.
2AdjectiveB2
degraded; depleted (soil/environment)
exhausted or damaged by overuse, reducing quality or fertility (of land, forests, resources)
Examples
ป่าbpàaป่าbpàa1forest; woodland2the wild; wilderness3wild; undomesticated; uncultivatedบริเวณนี้bɔɔ-rí-ween-níiบริเวณนี้bɔɔ-rí-ween-níithis area; around hereถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)ตัดไม้dtàt-máaiตัดไม้dtàt-máai[to] cut wood; [to] fell trees; [to] logมากไปmâak-bpaiมากไปmâak-bpaitoo much; excessiveจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofโทรมsoomโทรมsoom1dilapidated; run-down2degraded; depleted (soil/environment)3haggard; worn out (of a person)ผลผลิตpǒn-pà-lìtผลผลิตpǒn-pà-lìt1product; output2agricultural yield; harvestลดลงlót-longลดลงlót-long1[to] decrease; drop; fall; decline; go down2[to] subside; ease off; abateทุกปีtúk-bpiiทุกปีtúk-bpiievery year; annually
The forest in this area has been overlogged to the point of degradation, and yields decrease every year.
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ดินdinแถบนี้tɛ̀ɛp-níiทำเกษตรtam-gà-sèetหนักหลายnàk-lǎaiปีbpiiเลยləəiโทรมsoomและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngพักฟื้นpák-fʉ́ʉn
The soil in this area has been intensively farmed for many years, so it has become depleted and needs recovery.
การใช้gaan-cháiน้ำบาดาลnáam-baa-daanเกินขนาดgəən-kà-nàatทำให้tam-hâiพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำpʉ́ʉn-tîi-chûm-náamโทรมsoomความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพkwaam-làak-lǎai-taang-chii-wá-pâapลดลงlót-long
Excessive use of groundwater has degraded the wetlands, reducing biodiversity.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâiเลี้ยงlíiangสัตว์sàtเกินกำลังgəən-gam-langพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiหญ้าyâaก็gɔ̂โทรมsoomโครงสร้างดินkroong-sâang-dinเสียsǐiaสมดุลsǒm-dunและlɛ́พังทลายpang-tá-laaiง่ายngâai
When overgrazing is allowed, the grasslands deteriorate; the soil structure becomes imbalanced and erodes easily.
3AdjectiveB2
haggard; worn out (of a person)
looking exhausted or in poor health due to fatigue, stress, illness, or neglect
Examples
พักหลังpák-lǎngพักหลังpák-lǎnglately; recentlyเธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herดูโทรมduu-soomดูโทรมduu-soom1shabby/run-down2haggard/unwellมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingทำงานtam-ngaanทำงานtam-ngaan1[to] work; do one's job; be on duty2[to] function; operateดึกdʉ̀kดึกdʉ̀k1late at night; late2late at nightติดต่อกันdtìt-dtɔ̀ɔ-ganติดต่อกันdtìt-dtɔ̀ɔ-gan1continuously; consecutively; in a row2[to] contact each other; stay in touchหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalวันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: days
Lately she looks very run-down because she’s been working late for many days in a row.
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หลังlǎngสอบsɔ̀ɔpมาราธอนmaa-raa-tɔɔnทั้งสัปดาห์táng-sàp-daaทุกคนtúk-konหน้าตาnâa-dtaaโทรมsoomและlɛ́ใต้dtâaiตาdtaaคล้ำklám
After a marathon week of exams, everyone looked exhausted with dark circles under their eyes.
เขาkǎoเครียดkrîiatจนjonกินginไม่ได้mâi-dâaiนอนไม่หลับnɔɔn-mâi-làpหน้าตาnâa-dtaaจึงjʉngโทรมsoomลงlongอย่างเห็นได้ชัดyàang-hěn-dâai-chát
He was so stressed that he couldn’t eat or sleep, so his face visibly looked worn out.
ป่วยbpùaiเรื้อรังréuua rangทำให้tam hâiเธอterผอมซีดpŏm sêetและláeดูโทรมdoo sohmแม้máeพยายามpà-yaa-yaamดูแลตัวเองdoo-lae dtuua aengแล้วก็ตามláew gô dtaam
Chronic illness made her thin, pale, and haggard, even though she tried to take care of herself.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is โทรม said โซม?
soom
- ทร sounds like ซAt the start of a syllable, ทร is usually said like ซ (s).
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
soom
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
โทtooโทtoo1master’s degree level; graduate (M.A./M.S.)2Thai tone name (falling tone)3second; secondary4second class; second rankmaster’s degree level; graduate (M.A./M.S.)Part 1
+
รมromรมrom1[to] fumigate; smoke-treat2fumigation; smoking (process)3[to] chemically darken (metal); patinate[to] fumigate; smoke-treatPart 2
โทรมsoomโทรมsoomdilapidated; run-downdilapidated; run-downWord