มูลบท
moon-lá-bòtMeanings
1NounC1
introductory or foundational lesson
A basic or introductory lesson or section of a text that lays the foundations for further study.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)ให้เราhâi raoให้เราhâi rao1[to] give us; [to] give me2for us; for me3let us; allow me/usอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)มูลบทmoon-lá-bòtมูลบทmoon-lá-bòt1introductory or foundational lesson2postulate; axiomของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsตำราdtam-raaตำราdtam-raa1textbook; manual; handbook2treatise; authoritative/classical text3recipe; formula (traditional)เล่มlêmเล่มlêm1CL: books/volumes/issues2volume; bound book3classifier: knives, swords, candles, cartsนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ก่อนgònก่อนgòn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerเพราะpráwเพราะpráw1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)บทbòtบทbòt1chapter; section2lesson (unit of study)3role; part (acting)4script/text; lyrics5classifier for stanzas, chapters, and lessons6clause; provision (law/regulation)7role; duty; function8stanzaที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสอนsŏnสอนsŏn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] instruct; train [sb]3[to] admonish; give moral guidanceความรู้kwaam róoความรู้kwaam róoknowledge; learning; understandingพื้นฐานpéun tăanพื้นฐานpéun tăan1basic; fundamental2foundation; basis3background (knowledge/education)
The teacher asked us to read the introductory section of this textbook first because it teaches the basics.
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มูลบทmoon-lá-bòtของkŏngหนังสือnǎng-sĕuเล่มlêmนี้néeอธิบายà-tí-baaiศัพท์sàpสำคัญsăm-kanและláeแนวคิดnaeo kítเบื้องต้นbêuuang dtônเพื่อให้pêuua hâiผู้อ่านpôo àanเข้าใจเนื้อหาkâo jai néuua hăaในnaiบทbòtถัดไปtàt bpaiได้dâiง่ายขึ้นngâai kêun
The introductory section of this book explains key terms and basic concepts so that readers can understand the following chapters more easily.
ผู้เขียนpôo kĭianเรียบเรียงrîiap riiangมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtอย่างyàangเป็นลำดับbpen lam-dàpโดยdoiเริ่มrêrmจากjàakหลักการพื้นฐานlàk gaan péun tăanก่อนgònเชื่อมโยงchêuuam yoongไปสู่bpai sòoประเด็นbprà-denที่têeต้องdtôngอาศัยaa-săiความเข้าใจkwaam kâo jaiลึกซึ้งléuk séungยิ่งขึ้นyîng kêun
The author systematically organized the foundational section, beginning with basic principles before connecting them to topics requiring deeper understanding.
แม้máeมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtจะjàมิใช่mí châiส่วนsùuanที่têeเสนอsà-nĕrข้อค้นพบkô kon pópใหม่màiแต่dtàeการอ่านgaan àanส่วนsùuanปูพื้นฐานbpoo péun tăanนี้néeอย่างถี่ถ้วนyàang tèe túuanย่อมyômช่วยให้chûuai hâiผู้อ่านpôo àanติดตามdtìt dtaamการอภิปรายgaan à-pí-bpraaiอันanซับซ้อนsáp sónในภายหลังnai paai lăngได้dâi
Although the introductory section does not present new findings, reading this foundational material carefully enables readers to follow the complex discussions that come later.
2NounC1
postulate; axiom
A statement accepted without proof and used as a starting point for reasoning or for proving other statements, especially in mathematics.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วิชาwí-chaaวิชาwí-chaa1subject; course; field of study2classifier: courses/subjects3knowledge; skill; discipline4esoteric or magical artsคณิตศาสตร์ká-nít-dtà-sàatคณิตศาสตร์ká-nít-dtà-sàatmathematics; mathเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ยอมรับyom rápยอมรับyom ráp1[to] accept; consent to2[to] admit; acknowledge3[to] recognize; concede (merit/validity)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtมูลบทmoon-lá-bòt1introductory or foundational lesson2postulate; axiomเป็นจริงbpen jingเป็นจริงbpen jing[to] be true; [to] come trueโดยdoiโดยdoi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withไม่ต้องmâi dtôngไม่ต้องmâi dtông1don't have to; no need to2no need to; don't have to; don't3don't; no needพิสูจน์pì-sòotพิสูจน์pì-sòot1[to] test; [to] try out2[to] prove; [to] verifyแล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtมูลบทmoon-lá-bòt1introductory or foundational lesson2postulate; axiomนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)พิสูจน์pì-sòotพิสูจน์pì-sòot1[to] test; [to] try out2[to] prove; [to] verifyข้อความkôr kwaamข้อความkôr kwaam1message; text2statement; contentอื่นèunอื่นèun1other; different; else2other; another
In mathematics, we accept an axiom as true without proving it and then use it to prove other statements.
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การพิสูจน์gaan pí-sòotทฤษฎีบทtrít-sà-dee-bòtนี้néeต้องdtôngอาศัยaa-săiมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtหลายlăaiข้อkôซึ่งsêungเป็นbpenข้อความkôr kwaamที่têeระบบrá-bòpคณิตศาสตร์ká-nít-dtà-sàatนั้นnánยอมรับyom rápโดยdoiไม่ต้องmâi dtôngพิสูจน์pì-sòot
Proving this theorem requires several axioms, which are statements that the mathematical system accepts without proof.
การเปลี่ยนgaan bplìianมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtเพียงpiiangข้อkôเดียวdiiaoอาจàatนำไปสู่nam bpai sòoระบบrá-bòpเรขาคณิตray-kăa ká-nítที่têeแตกต่างออกไปdtàek dtàang òk bpaiแม้máeกฎgòtตรรกะdtàk-gàที่têeใช้cháiในnaiการอนุมานgaan à-nú-maanจะjàยังyangคงเดิมkong derm
Changing just one axiom can lead to a different geometric system, even if the logical rules used for deduction remain unchanged.
ความรัดกุมkwaam rát-gumของkŏngข้อพิสูจน์kôr pí-sòotขึ้นอยู่กับkêun yòo gàpการอนุมานgaan à-nú-maanที่têeถูกต้องtòok dtôngจากjàakมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtมิใช่mí châiการgaanพยายามpá-yaa-yaamพิสูจน์pì-sòotมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtซึ่งsêungระบบrá-bòpนั้นnánกำหนดgam-nòtให้hâiเป็นbpenจุดตั้งต้นjùt dtâng dtônอยู่แล้วyòo láew
The rigor of a proof depends on valid deductions from its axioms, not on attempting to prove the axioms that the system has already established as its starting points.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
มูลmuunมูลmuun1excrement; dung; feces; manure2basis; grounds; foundation; cause3value; worth (monetary)4principal; capital (finance)excrement; dung; feces; manurePart 1
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มูลบทmoon-lá-bòtมูลบทmoon-lá-bòtintroductory or foundational lessonintroductory or foundational lessonWord