ถาโถม
tǎa-tǒomMeanings
1VerbB2
to surge; pound; crash (waves/rain)
to rush or strike repeatedly and with great force in large quantities, as with waves, rain, wind, or floodwaters
Examples
คลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorถาโถมtǎa-tǒomถาโถมtǎa-tǒom1to surge; pound; crash (waves/rain)2to assail; overwhelm (figurative)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)ชายฝั่งchaai-fàngชายฝั่งchaai-fàngcoast; seashoreทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉn1all night; the whole night2the entire night
Huge waves pounded the shore all night.
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Rain lashed down so heavily that the streets flooded immediately.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaลมมรสุมlom-mɔɔ-rá-sǔmพัดpátแรงrɛɛngน้ำทะเลnáam-tá-leeก็gɔ̂ถาโถมtǎa-tǒomกระแทกgrà-tɛ̂ɛkเขื่อนkʉ̀ʉanซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám-lɛ́ɛo-sám-lâo
When the monsoon winds blow strong, the seawater repeatedly crashes against the breakwater.
สายน้ำsǎai-náamจากjàakภูเขาpuu-kǎoถาโถมtǎa-tǒomลงสู่long-sùuลำธารlam-taanเป็นระลอกbpen-rá-lɔ̂ɔkใหญ่yàiกวาดgwàatโคลนkloonและlɛ́เศษsèetกิ่งไม้gìng-máaiลงมาlong-maaจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâak
Mountain waters surge into the stream in great torrents, sweeping down mud and many branches.
2VerbB2
to assail; overwhelm (figurative)
to attack or press in on someone or something with intensity, or to overwhelm (e.g., emotions, problems) forcefully
Examples
คำตำหนิkam-dtam-nìคำตำหนิkam-dtam-nìcriticism; reprimandจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaan1manager; administrator2personal manager; handlerถาโถมtǎa-tǒomถาโถมtǎa-tǒom1to surge; pound; crash (waves/rain)2to assail; overwhelm (figurative)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofพูดไม่ออกpûut-mâi-ɔ̀ɔkพูดไม่ออกpûut-mâi-ɔ̀ɔk[to] be speechless
The manager’s criticism pressed in on him so hard that he was speechless.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiมาถึงmaa-tʉ̌ngความรู้สึกผิดkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀k-pìtก็gɔ̂ถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้าkâoครอบงำkrɔ̂ɔp-ngamจนjonเขาkǎoแทบtɛ̂ɛpยืนyʉʉnไม่ไหวmâi-wǎi
When the bad news arrived, guilt overwhelmed him to the point he could barely stand.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaที่tîiยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉaมานานmaa-naanถาโถมtǎa-tǒomใส่sàiองค์กรong-gɔɔnพร้อมกันprɔ́ɔm-ganจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngเร่งrêngปรับbpràpแผนpɛ̌ɛnรับมือráp-mʉʉอย่างเร่งด่วนyàang-rêng-dùuan
Long-standing problems attacked the organization all at once, forcing an urgent adjustment of plans.
Anxiety attacked me so intensely that I couldn’t breathe properly.
เขาkăoไม่mâiคิดว่าkít wâaคำวิจารณ์kam wí-jaanจะjàถาโถมtăa tŏhmใส่sàiเขาแรงkăo raengขนาดนี้kà-nàat néeหลังจากlăng jàakโพสต์póhtความคิดเห็นkwaam kít hĕn
He didn't expect criticism to press in on him so intensely after posting his opinion.
ในช่วงnai-chûuangวิกฤตwí-grìtข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้ามาkâo-maaไม่หยุดmâi-yùtจนjonทีมงานtiim-ngaanต้องdtɔ̂ngเร่งrêngวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnรับมือráp-mʉʉอย่างเป็นระบบyàang-bpen-rá-bòp
During the crisis, bad news kept overwhelming us, forcing the team to urgently devise a systematic response.
ความรู้สึกผิดkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀k-pìtถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้าใส่kâo-sàiเธอtəəหลังจากlǎng-jàakพูดจาpûut-jaaทำร้ายtam-ráaiเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanจนjonเธอtəəตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôotและlɛ́ปรับbpràpความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panให้ดีhâi-diiขึ้นkʉ̂n
Guilt overwhelmed her after she spoke hurtfully to a friend, so she decided to apologize and improve their relationship.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเจอjəəงานด่วนngaan-dùuanหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangพร้อมกันprɔ́ɔm-ganความเครียดkwaam-krîiatก็gɔ̂ถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้ามาkâo-maaจนjonฉันchǎnตั้งสติdtâng-sà-dtìไม่ทันmâi-tan
When several urgent tasks came at once, stress attacked me so intensely that I couldn't gather myself.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaได้ยินdâi-yinข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiความเศร้าkwaam-sâoถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้ามาkâo-maaจนjonฉันchǎnตั้งสติdtâng-sà-dtìไม่ทันmâi-tan
When I heard the bad news, sadness overwhelmed me so quickly that I couldn’t gather myself.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaจากjàakงานngaanถาโถมtǎa-tǒomใส่sàiเขาkǎoในnaiวันเดียวwan-diiaoจนjonเขาkǎoต้องdtɔ̂ngขอเลื่อนkɔ̌ɔ-lʉ̂ʉanนัดnátทั้งหมดtáng-mòt
Work problems pressed in on him in a single day, so he had to postpone all his appointments.
คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngถาโถมtǎa-tǒomเข้ามาkâo-maaทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəเริ่มrə̂əmสงสัยsǒng-sǎiในnaiความสามารถkwaam-sǎa-mâatของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eeng
Harsh criticism came attacking all at once, making her start to doubt her own abilities.
ความรู้สึกผิดkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀k-pìtถาโถมtǎa-tǒomใส่sàiผมpǒmทันทีที่tan-tii-tîiได้ยินdâi-yinความจริงkwaam-jingราวกับraao-gàpมันmanบีบให้bìip-hâiผมpǒmหายใจไม่ออกhǎai-jai-mâi-ɔ̀ɔk
Guilt overwhelmed me the moment I heard the truth, as if it squeezed the breath out of me.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
tǎa
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |