โถม
tǒomMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] rush/lunge; hurl oneself (violently)
to rush, lunge, or fling oneself forward with force; to attack or throw oneself at something.
Examples
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)ประตูbprà-dtuuประตูbprà-dtuu1door; gate; portal2goal (structure or score)3classifier: doors; gates; goalsเปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessนักข่าวnák-kàaoนักข่าวnák-kàaojournalist; reporterหลายคนlǎai-konหลายคนlǎai-konmany/several peopleโถมtǒomโถมtǒom1[to] rush/lunge; hurl oneself (violently)2[to] crash/beat down; pour in forcefully3[to] heap/press in (fig.)เข้าไปkâo-bpaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai1[to] go in; enter (away from the speaker)2directional complement: into; in (away from speaker)ล้อมlɔ́ɔmล้อมlɔ́ɔm1[to] surround; encircle2[to] besiege3[to] fence in; encloseนักแสดงnák-sà-dɛɛngนักแสดงnák-sà-dɛɛngactor; performer (gender-neutral)ทันทีtan-tiiทันทีtan-tiiimmediately; at once
When the door opened, many reporters lunged forward and surrounded the actor at once.
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กองเชียร์gɔɔng-chiiaโถมtǒomเข้าหาkâo-hǎaเวทีwee-tiiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขอkɔ̌ɔถ่ายรูปtàai-rûupกับgàpนักร้องnák-rɔ́ɔng
Fans rushed toward the stage to take photos with the singer.
ผู้คุมpûu-kumต้องdtɔ̂ngกันganฝูงชนfǔung-chonไว้wáiเพราะprɔ́มีmiiคนkonพยายามpá-yaa-yaamโถมtǒomเข้าไปkâo-bpaiหาhǎaอดีตà-dìitผู้นำpûu-namที่tîiถูกtùukคุมkumตัวdtuua
Guards had to hold back the crowd because some people tried to hurl themselves at the detained former leader.
นักมวยnák-muuaiอ่านàanจังหวะjang-wàแล้วlɛ́ɛoโถมtǒomเข้าkâoปิดbpìtระยะrá-yáด้วยdûuaiหมัดmàtขวาkwǎaอย่างรุนแรงyàang-run-rɛɛng
The boxer read the timing and hurled himself in to close the distance with a powerful right punch.
2VerbB2
[to] crash/beat down; pour in forcefully
to come crashing down or strike with force, as with waves, wind, or heavy rain; to pour or beat down violently.
Examples
คลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorโถมtǒomโถมtǒom1[to] rush/lunge; hurl oneself (violently)2[to] crash/beat down; pour in forcefully3[to] heap/press in (fig.)เข้าหาkâo-hǎaเข้าหาkâo-hǎa1[to] approach; go to see [sb]/[sth]2[to] court; seek favor from [sb]3[to] make advances; flirt withฝั่งfàngฝั่งfàng1shore; bank2sideจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเรือประมงrʉʉa-bprà-mongเรือประมงrʉʉa-bprà-mongfishing boat; fishing vesselต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toรีบrîipรีบrîip1[to] hurry; rush2in a hurry; pressed for time3hastily; quickly (due to urgency)กลับglàpกลับglàp1[to] return; go/come back2[to] turn over/flip/reverse3back; in return4contrary; on the contraryท่าtâaท่าtâa1posture; pose; stance2move; technique; style3harbor; port; pier; landing4appearance suggesting an outcome; sign5manner; way; air
Huge waves crashed toward the shore, forcing the fishing boats to hurry back to port.
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ลมlomพายุโถมpaa-yú-tǒomใส่sàiหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangบ้านbâanทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnเสียงดังsǐiang-dangสนั่นsà-nàn
The storm wind slammed against the house windows all night with a loud noise.
ฝนfǒnโถมtǒomลงมาlong-maaอย่างyàangไม่mâiปรานีbpraa-niiถนนtà-nǒnจึงjʉngท่วมtûuamในnaiไม่กี่mâi-gìiนาทีnaa-tii
Rain poured down mercilessly, and the streets flooded within minutes.
คลื่นklêunทะเลยักษ์โถมtá-lay yák tŏhmซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám láeo sám lâoกระแทกgrà-tâekแนวnaeoกันganคลื่นklêunจนjonสั่นสะเทือนsàn sà-teuuan
Giant sea waves kept crashing repeatedly, striking the breakwater until it trembled.
3VerbC1
[to] heap/press in (fig.)
figuratively, to press in or pile on heavily (e.g., problems, work, attacks) in great volume or intensity.
Examples
ช่วงปลายchûuang-bplaaiช่วงปลายchûuang-bplaaithe end part; latter stageปีbpiiปีbpii1year2classifier: yearsงานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)โถมtǒomโถมtǒom1[to] rush/lunge; hurl oneself (violently)2[to] crash/beat down; pour in forcefully3[to] heap/press in (fig.)เข้ามาkâo-maaเข้ามาkâo-maa1to come in; enter (toward the speaker)2to join/enter into (activity, group, context)3directional complement ‘in/toward here’พร้อมกันprɔ́ɔm-ganพร้อมกันprɔ́ɔm-gansimultaneously; at the same time; together (in unison)จนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)แทบtɛ̂ɛpแทบtɛ̂ɛp1almost; nearly2virtually; practicallyไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockเวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesพักpákพักpák1[to] rest; take a break2[to] stay; lodge3interval; stretch; spell
At the end of the year, work piled on all at once until I barely had time to rest.
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หลังlǎngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtประกาศbprà-gàatรีriiแบรนด์brɛɛnคำถามkam-tǎamจากjàakลูกค้าlûuk-káaโถมtǒomเข้ามาkâo-maaทั้งtángอีเมลii-meenและlɛ́โซเชียลsoo-chiianจนjonทีมซัพพอร์ตtiim-sáp-pɔ̂ɔtตั้งรับdtâng-rápแทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่ทันmâi-tan
After the company announced a rebrand, questions from customers poured in via email and social media so heavily that the support team could hardly keep up.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaข่าวลือkàao-lʉʉแพร่กระจายprɛ̂ɛ-grà-jaaiแรงกดดันrɛɛng-gòt-danจากjàakผู้ถือหุ้นpûu-tʉ̌ʉ-hûnโถมtǒomใส่sàiผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngเร่งrêngชี้แจงchíi-jɛɛngอย่างเป็นทางการyàang-bpen-taang-gaan
As rumors spread, pressure from shareholders bore down on the executives so intensely that they had to rush out an official explanation.
พอpɔɔเกิดgə̀ətเหตุขัดข้องhèet-kàt-kɔ̂ɔngเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiข้อกล่าวหาkɔ̂ɔ-glàao-hǎaและlɛ́การโจมตีgaan-joom-dtiiทางtaangออนไลน์ɔɔn-laaiก็gɔ̂โถมtǒomใส่sàiทีมวิจัยtiim-wí-jaiราวกับraao-gàpพายุpaa-yúโดยdooiไม่mâiเปิดbpə̀ətพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiให้hâiชี้แจงchíi-jɛɛngอย่างเป็นธรรมyàang-bpen-tam
Once a minor malfunction occurred, accusations and online attacks piled onto the research team like a storm, leaving no room for a fair explanation.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
tǒom
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |