ตอด
dtɔ̀ɔtMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly
to bite or peck in small, repeated motions, as fish or small animals do
Examples
พอหย่อนpor yònพอหย่อนpor yòn1slightly less than2a bit slack/looseขาลงkăa longขาลงkăa long1downturn; decline; downtrend2declining; bearish3downbound leg/direction4downbound; downstream; southboundไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)บ่อbòrบ่อbòr1pit; hole; excavation2well (water)3pond; pool4classifier: wells/ponds/pits5source; origin (figurative)สปาsà-bpaaสปาsà-bpaa1spa (wellness facility)2spa treatment/servicesปลาbplaaปลาbplaa1fish (animal)2fish (as food)3classifier: ตัวก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoปลาbplaaปลาbplaa1fish (animal)2fish (as food)3classifier: ตัวตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureเล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a littleมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerรุมrumรุมrum1[to] gang up on; mob2[to] swarm; crowd aroundตอดdtòtตอดdtòt1[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly2[to] sting/tingle intermittently3[to] snipe; nitpick4[to] make small advances (flirt)เต็มไปหมดdtem bpai mòtเต็มไปหมดdtem bpai mòt1completely full; crammed2everywhere; all over (the place)
As soon as I lowered my legs into the fish spa pond, lots of small fish swarmed to nibble at them.
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เด็กๆdèk dèkสนุกsà-nùkกับgàpการเอาgaan aoอาหารaa-hăanให้hâiปลาคาร์ปbplaa kâapในnaiบ่อbòrแล้วláeoดูdooมันmanว่ายwâaiเข้ามาkâo maaตอดdtòtอาหารaa-hăan
The children enjoyed feeding the koi in the pond and watching them swim in to peck at the food.
เขาkǎoนั่งnângรอrɔɔอย่างyàangใจเย็นjai-yenสังเกตsǎng-gèetทุ่นtûnเบ็ดbètที่tîiขยับkà-yàpเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔiเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaมีmiiปลาbplaaเริ่มrə̂əmมาmaaตอดdtɔ̀ɔtเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉa
He sat waiting patiently, watching the bobber move slightly as a fish began to nibble at the bait.
ฝูงfǔungไก่gàiกำลังgam-langเดินdəənคุ้ยเขี่ยkúi-kìiaหาอาหารhǎa-aa-hǎanและlɛ́คอยkɔɔiตอดdtɔ̀ɔtเมล็ดmá-létข้าวเปลือกkâao-bplʉ̀ʉakที่tîiตกอยู่dtòk-yùuบนพื้นดินbon-pʉ́ʉn-din
The flock of chickens is scratching around for food, pecking at the paddy grains scattered on the ground.
2VerbB2
[to] sting/tingle intermittently
to cause small, recurring stings or twinges (of pain or itch; figurative use)
Examples
แผลplăeแผลplăe1wound; sore; lesion; injury (on the body)2wound (classifier: แผล)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerหัวเข่าhŭua kàoหัวเข่าhŭua kàoknee (joint)หายดีhăai deeหายดีhăai dee1[to] recover fully; get completely better2fully recoveredแล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)แต่dtàeแต่dtàe1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)บางครั้งbaang krángบางครั้งbaang krángsometimes; occasionallyก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)รู้สึกrúu-sèukรู้สึกrúu-sèuk1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)ปวดbpùuatปวดbpùuat[to] ache; [to] be in painตอดdtòtตอดdtòt1[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly2[to] sting/tingle intermittently3[to] snipe; nitpick4[to] make small advances (flirt)ๆ-เวลาway-laaเวลาway-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesอากาศเย็นaa-gàat yenอากาศเย็นaa-gàat yencool weather
The wound on my knee has healed, but sometimes I still feel a recurring twinge when the weather is cold.
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หลังจากlăng jàakผ่าpàaฟันคุดfan kútผมpŏmรู้สึกrúu-sèukปวดbpùuatตอดdtòtๆ-ที่têeเหงือกngèuuakอยู่yòoสองสามsŏng săamวันwanเหมือนmĕuuanมีอะไรmee à-raiมาmaaทิ่มtîmเบาๆbao baoตลอดเวลาdtà-lòt way-laa
After my wisdom tooth surgery, I felt a recurring twinge in my gums for a few days, as if something was gently poking it constantly.
ความกังวลkwaam-gang-wonเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàaiมันmanคอยkɔɔiตอดdtɔ̀ɔtอยู่ในyùu-naiใจjaiทำให้tam-hâiเขาkǎoนอนไม่หลับnɔɔn-mâi-làpมาmaaหลายlǎaiคืนkʉʉnแล้วlɛ́ɛo
The worry about expenses keeps nagging at his mind, causing him sleepless nights for a while now.
3VerbC1
[to] snipe; nitpick
to make brief, petty, or cutting remarks that repeatedly criticize or needle someone
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillไม่ชอบmâi-chɔ̂ɔpไม่ชอบmâi-chɔ̂ɔp[to] dislike [sth/sb]; [to] not like [sth/sb]เพื่อนร่วมงานpʉ̂ʉan-rûuam-ngaanเพื่อนร่วมงานpʉ̂ʉan-rûuam-ngaancoworker; colleague; workmateคนนี้kon-níiคนนี้kon-níithis personเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)พูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)ตอดdtɔ̀ɔtตอดdtɔ̀ɔt1[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly2[to] sting/tingle intermittently3[to] snipe; nitpick4[to] make small advances (flirt)เล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightตอดdtɔ̀ɔtตอดdtɔ̀ɔt1[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly2[to] sting/tingle intermittently3[to] snipe; nitpick4[to] make small advances (flirt)น้อยnɔ́ɔiน้อยnɔ́ɔi1few; little; small (amount/number)2less; to a lesser degree3young; junior (name/title use)4seldom; rarelyอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainเรื่อยrʉ̂ʉaiเรื่อยrʉ̂ʉai1continuously; continually2steadily; gradually3casually; at leisure
He really dislikes this colleague because she is always making little cutting remarks.
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ระหว่างrá-wàangการประชุมgaan bprà-chumหัวหน้าhŭua nâaคอยkoiพูดpôotตอดdtòtเรื่องrêuuangความผิดพลาดkwaam pìt plâatเล็กๆlék lékน้อยๆnói nóiของkŏngลูกน้องlôok nóngตลอดเวลาdtà-lòt way-laa
During the meeting, the boss constantly needled his subordinate about minor mistakes.
เธอtəəเลิกlə̂əkใส่ใจsài-jaiคำพูดkam-pûutที่tîiเขาkǎoคอยkɔɔiตอดdtɔ̀ɔtว่าwâaเธอtəəทำงานtam-ngaanไม่mâiเก่งแล้วgèng-lɛ́ɛoเพราะprɔ́รู้rúuว่าwâaมันmanสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnปมbpomของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเองeengมากกว่าmâak-gwàa
She stopped paying attention to his constant jabs about her incompetence, knowing it reflected his own issues more.
นักการเมืองnák-gaan-mʉʉangฝ่ายค้านfàai-káanมักจะmák-jàตอดdtɔ̀ɔtรัฐบาลrát-tà-baanในnaiประเด็นbprà-denหยุมหยิมyǔm-yǐmที่tîiไม่สำคัญmâi-sǎm-kanแทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàอภิปรายà-pí-bpraaiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangที่tîiเป็นประโยชน์bpen-bprà-yòotต่อdtɔ̀ɔส่วนรวมsùuan-ruuam
Opposition politicians often needle the government on petty, insignificant issues instead of debating matters of public benefit.
4VerbC1
[to] make small advances (flirt)
to show repeated, low-key romantic interest or flirt in a tentative, lingering way (informal)
Examples
เธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herรู้สึกว่าrúu-sèuk wâaรู้สึกว่าrúu-sèuk wâa1[to] feel that; think that; have the impression that2it seems (to me) that...; I feel that...เพื่อนร่วมงานpêuuan rûuam ngaanเพื่อนร่วมงานpêuuan rûuam ngaancoworker; colleague; workmateคนใหม่kon màiคนใหม่kon mài1new person; newcomer; new member/hire2new romantic partner (colloquial)แอบàepแอบàep1[to] do [sth] secretly; [to] conceal (one’s actions)2secretly; on the slyมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerตอดdtòtตอดdtòt1[to] nibble; bite lightly and repeatedly2[to] sting/tingle intermittently3[to] snipe; nitpick4[to] make small advances (flirt)เธอterเธอter1you (informal; familiar)2she; herเบาๆbao baoเบาๆbao bao1gently; softly; quietly; lightly; slightly; mildly2casually; in a relaxed way; not too seriouslyด้วยdûuayด้วยdûuay1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooการgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; task3affair; matterชวนคุยchuan kuiชวนคุยchuan kui[to] start a conversation; [to] make small talkและláeและláeand (coordinating)ซื้อséuซื้อséu1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offขนมkà-nŏmขนมkà-nŏmsnack; sweet; dessertมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerฝากfàakฝากfàak1[to] deposit [money]2[to] leave/entrust [sth] with [sb]3[to] send via [sb]; send alongบ่อยๆbòi bòiบ่อยๆbòi bòioften; frequently
She feels like the new colleague is tentatively flirting with her by frequently starting conversations and bringing her snacks.
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เขาkǎoพยายามpá-yaa-yaamตอดdtɔ̀ɔtเธอtəəมาเป็นmaa-bpenเดือนdʉʉanแล้วlɛ́ɛoทั้งtángส่งข้อความsòng-kɔ̂ɔ-kwaamหาhǎaทั้งtángคอยkɔɔiกดไลก์gòt-láiทุกtúkรูปrûupแต่dtɛ̀ɛดูเหมือนduu-mʉ̌ʉanเธอtəəจะjàไม่สนใจmâi-sǒn-jaiเลยləəi
He's been trying to flirt with her for months, sending messages and liking all her photos, but she doesn't seem interested at all.
แทนที่จะtaen têe jàเข้าไปkâo bpaiจีบjèepตรงๆdtrong dtrongเขาkăoเลือกlêuuakที่จะtêe jàค่อยๆkôi kôiตอดdtòtไปเรื่อยๆbpai rêuuai rêuuaiเพื่อpêuuaหยั่งเชิงyàng cherngดูท่าdoo tâaทีteeของkŏngเธอterก่อนgòn
Instead of approaching her directly, he chose to flirt tentatively and repeatedly to test the waters and gauge her reaction first.
เห็นhĕnเขาkăoเงียบๆngîiap ngîiapแบบนั้นbàep nánแต่ความจริงแล้วdtàe kwaam jing láewเขาkăoแอบàepไปbpaiตอดdtòtสาวๆsăao săaoในnaiออฟฟิศóf-fítอื่นèunอยู่yòoเป็นประจำbpen bprà-jam
He may look quiet, but in reality, he's regularly and discreetly flirting with girls in other offices.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
dtɔ̀ɔt
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |