การทด
gaan-tótMeanings
1NounB1
carrying in arithmetic
The process of carrying a value from one place-value column to the next higher column during an arithmetic calculation.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)สอนsɔ̌ɔnสอนsɔ̌ɔn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] instruct; train [sb]3[to] admonish; give moral guidanceการทดเลขgaan-tót-lêekการทดเลขgaan-tót-lêekcarrying (in math)จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmหลักหน่วยlàk-nùuaiหลักหน่วยlàk-nùuai1ones place; units place2units digitไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyหลักสิบlàk-sìpหลักสิบlàk-sìp1tens place2in the tens (quantity/magnitude)
The teacher teaches how to carry a number from the ones column to the tens column.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaบวกbùuakแปดbpɛ̀ɛtกับgàpเจ็ดjètเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้การchái-gaanทดtótโดยdooiเขียนkǐianห้าhâaในnaiหลักหน่วยlàk-nùuaiและlɛ́ทดtótหนึ่งnʉ̀ngไปbpaiหลักสิบlàk-sìp
When adding eight and seven, we need to carry: we write five in the ones column and carry one to the tens column.
ลูกlûukบวกเลขbùuak-lêekผิดpìtเพราะprɔ́ลืมlʉʉmขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnการทดgaan-tótจากjàakหลักสิบlàk-sìpไปbpaiหลักร้อยlàk-rɔ́ɔi
My child got the addition wrong because they forgot to carry from the tens column to the hundreds column.
ถ้าtâaนักเรียนnák-riianเข้าใจkâo-jaiหลักการlàk-gaanทดtótว่าwâaเป็นbpenการเปลี่ยนgaan-bplìianสิบsìpหน่วยnùuaiในnaiหลักlàkหนึ่งnʉ̀ngให้hâiเป็นหนึ่งbpen-nʉ̀ngหน่วยnùuaiในnaiหลักlàkถัดไปtàt-bpaiก็gɔ̂จะjàอธิบายà-tí-baaiวิธีwí-tiiบวกเลขbùuak-lêekหลายlǎaiหลักlàkได้dâaiชัดเจนchát-jeenขึ้นkʉ̂n
If students understand that carrying means converting ten units in one place-value column into one unit in the next higher column, they will be able to explain multi-digit addition more clearly.
2NounB2
damming; holding back water
The act of obstructing the flow of water to retain it or raise its level.
Examples
การทดgaan-tótการทดgaan-tót1carrying in arithmetic2damming; holding back water3gearing; speed reductionน้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)6served with broth7empty words; fillerด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooฝายfǎaiฝายfǎaiweir; small dam; check damช่วยให้chûuai-hâiช่วยให้chûuai-hâi[to] enable; help [sb/sth] (to) do [sth]; make [sth] possible/easierระดับน้ำrá-dàp-náamระดับน้ำrá-dàp-náamwater levelสูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂nสูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂n1higher; taller; more elevated2[to] rise; increase; go upชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)จึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ส่งน้ำsòng-náamส่งน้ำsòng-náam[to] supply water; [to] irrigateเข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3in; inward4[to] understand (in เข้าใจ)5[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)6[to] fit; suit; match7rice (archaic; dialectal)8[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)ทุ่งนาtûng-naaทุ่งนาtûng-naarice field; paddy fieldได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
Holding back water with a weir raises its level, allowing villagers to channel it into their rice fields.
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ถ้าtâaไม่มีmâi-miiการทดgaan-tótน้ำnáamในnaiคลองklɔɔngระดับน้ำrá-dàp-náamจะjàต่ำdtàmเกินกว่าgəən-gwàaจะjàส่งsòngเข้าkâoพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiนาnaaได้dâai
Without holding back the water in the canal, its level would be too low to channel it into the rice fields.
แม้mɛ́ɛการทดgaan-tótน้ำnáamจะjàช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเกษตรกรgà-sèet-dtà-gɔɔnมีmiiน้ำnáamใช้cháiในnaiหน้าแล้งnâa-lɛ́ɛngแต่dtɛ̀ɛก็gɔ̂ต้องdtɔ̂ngปล่อยbplɔ̀iน้ำnáamบางส่วนbaang-sùuanให้hâiไหลลงlǎi-longไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ngชุมชนchum-chonท้ายน้ำtáai-náamด้วยdûuai
Although holding back water helps farmers have water during the dry season, some must also be released to reach downstream communities.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnสร้างsâangฝายfǎaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaการทดgaan-tótน้ำnáamเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngประเมินbprà-məənว่าwâaระดับน้ำrá-dàp-náamที่tîiสูงขึ้นsǔung-kʉ̂nจะjàทำให้tam-hâiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiเหนือnʉ̌ʉaฝายfǎaiถูกtùukน้ำท่วมnáam-tûuamหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi
Before building a weir to retain water, officials must assess whether the higher water level will flood areas upstream of it.
3NounB2
gearing; speed reduction
The use of a transmission ratio, usually through gears, to change rotational speed, typically reducing speed and increasing torque.
Examples
การทดgaan-tótการทดgaan-tót1carrying in arithmetic2damming; holding back water3gearing; speed reductionรอบrɔ̂ɔpรอบrɔ̂ɔp1around; surrounding2round; cycle; lap; turn3time slot; session4perimeter; circumference; surrounding area5classifier: rounds; laps; showings6all around; fullyด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooชุดเฟืองchút-fʉʉangชุดเฟืองchút-fʉʉanggear set; gear trainทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]เพลาplaoเพลาplao1axle; shaft2time; occasion (poetic/archaic)3[to] lessen; ease off; abate4lap (literary)หมุนmǔnหมุนmǔn1[to] turn; rotate; spin2[to] twist; screw (by turning)3[to] circulate; rotate (usage/roles)4rotating; revolving5[to] manage cash flow; scrape together moneyช้าลงcháa-longช้าลงcháa-long1[to] slow down; become slower2more slowlyแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoแรงบิดrɛɛng-bìtแรงบิดrɛɛng-bìttorqueมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂nมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)
Gear reduction makes the shaft rotate more slowly but increases its torque.
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มอเตอร์mo-dtêrประตูรั้วbprà-dtuu rúuaใช้การchái gaanทดรอบtót rôpเพื่อให้pêuua hâiมีmeeแรงraengพอporที่จะtêe jàเลื่อนlêuuanประตูbprà-dtuuหนักnàkๆ-ได้dâiอย่างyàangช้าcháaๆ-
The gate motor uses gear reduction to provide enough force to move a heavy gate slowly.
วิศวกรwít-sà-wá-gɔɔnเลือกใช้lʉ̂ʉak-cháiการทดgaan-tótรอบrɔ̂ɔpหลายlǎaiขั้นkânเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพิ่มแรงpə̂əm-rɛɛngบิดbìtที่tîiเพลาขับplao-kàpโดยdooiไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpaiใช้cháiมอเตอร์mɔɔ-dtə̂əที่tîiมีmiiกำลังสูงgam-lang-sǔungกว่าgwàaเดิมdəəm
The engineer chose multistage gear reduction to increase torque at the drive shaft without switching to a more powerful motor.
แม้mɛ́ɛการทดgaan-tótรอบrɔ̂ɔpจะjàช่วยchûuaiเพิ่มแรงpə̂əm-rɛɛngบิดbìtแต่dtɛ̀ɛก็gɔ̂ทำให้tam-hâiความเร็วkwaam-reoของkɔ̌ɔngเพลาplaoขาออกkǎa-ɔ̀ɔkลดลงlót-longจึงjʉngต้องเลือกdtɔ̂ng-lʉ̂ʉakอัตราทดàt-dtraa-tótให้hâiเหมาะกับmɔ̀-gàpงานngaan
Although gear reduction increases torque, it also lowers the output shaft's speed, so the gear ratio must suit the application.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ทดtótทดtót1[to] compensate; make up for2[to] dam; raise the water level3[to] carry (a digit in arithmetic)[to] compensate; make up forPart 2
การทดgaan-tótการทดgaan-tótcarrying in arithmeticcarrying in arithmeticWord