ฉะนั้น
chà-nánMeaning
1ConjunctionB1
therefore; thus
therefore; thus; used to state a result or conclusion from what was said before; formal/literary register
Examples
ฝนfǒnฝนfǒn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeเริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toตกหนักdtòk-nàkตกหนักdtòk-nàk1[to] fall heavily; rain heavily2[to] fall heavily on [sb/sth]; be chiefly borne by [sb]ฉะนั้นchà-nánฉะนั้นchà-nántherefore; thusเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ควรkuuanควรkuuan1should; ought to2appropriate; proper; suitable3[to] deserve; be worthy ofรีบrîipรีบrîip1[to] hurry; rush2in a hurry; pressed for time3hastily; quickly (due to urgency)กลับบ้านglàp-bâanกลับบ้านglàp-bâan[to] go (back) home; return home
It has started raining heavily; therefore, we should hurry home.
3 more examplesShow less
งบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanจำกัดjam-gàtมากmâakฉะนั้นchà-nánเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngตัดdtàtกิจกรรมgìt-jà-gamบางส่วนbaang-sùuanออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakแผนpɛ̌ɛn
The budget is very limited; therefore, we must cut some activities from the plan.
The evidence is insufficient; therefore, the court dismissed the charges against the defendant.
ทีมวิจัยteem wí-jaiพบpópความแปรปรวนkwaam bprae bpruuanสูงsŏongในnaiข้อมูลเบื้องต้นkô-moon bûueang dtônฉะนั้นchà-nánข้อสรุปkôr sà-rùpใดdaiๆ-ในnaiตอนนี้dton néeจึงjeungควรkuuanถูกtòokพิจารณาpí-jàa-rá-naaอย่างระมัดระวังyàang rá-mát-rá-wang
The research team found high variance in the preliminary data; thus, any conclusions at this stage should be considered with caution.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
chà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ฉะchàฉะchà1[to] attack; lash out (esp. verbally)2[to] slash; strike; chop3in such a manner (in fixed expressions)[to] attack; lash out (esp. verbally)Part 1
+
นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)that (distal demonstrative)Part 2
ฉะนั้นchà-nánฉะนั้นchà-nántherefore; thustherefore; thusWord