ภูมิ
puumMeanings
land; ground; place; region
land, ground, a place, or a region; also used in compounds such as ภูมิประเทศภูมิประเทศpoom-bprà-têetterrain; topography ‘terrain’
Examples
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immunity (colloq.)
immunity or immune protection, used as a shortened form of ภูมิคุ้มกันภูมิคุ้มกันpuum-kúm-gan1immunity (medical)2resilience; protection (figurative)
Examples
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level; standing; dignity (formal)
a level, standing, or degree of dignity or distinction
Examples
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plane of existence; realm
a realm or plane of existence, especially in Buddhist cosmology
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ภูมิ said พูม?
puum
- Same-sounding letterภ sounds just like พ, so the reading uses พ.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
puum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |