ทุกข์
túkMeanings
1NounB2
suffering; misery; distress
a state of physical or mental suffering, pain, hardship, or great unhappiness; in Buddhism, the inherent unsatisfactoriness of existence
Examples
หลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)สูญsǔunสูญsǔun1lost; wasted; gone2to vanish; be lostเสียงานsǐia-ngaanเสียงานsǐia-ngaan[to] have one's work suffer; spoil the workเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillตกอยู่dtòk-yùuตกอยู่dtòk-yùu1[to] find oneself in; end up in (a state/situation)2[to] be under the power/control/influence of [sb]/[sth]3[to] be in the possession/custody of [sb]/[sth]ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)นอนไม่หลับnɔɔn-mâi-làpนอนไม่หลับnɔɔn-mâi-làp[to] be unable to sleep; [to] suffer from insomniaหลายlǎaiหลายlǎai1many; several2very; very much; a lot (Isan)สัปดาห์sàp-daaสัปดาห์sàp-daa1week2classifier: weeks
After losing his job, he was in a state of suffering and couldn’t sleep for weeks.
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เธอtəəแบ่งปันbɛ̀ng-bpanความทุกข์kwaam-túkที่tîiสะสมsà-sǒmมานานmaa-naanกับgàpเพื่อนสนิทpʉ̂ʉan-sà-nìtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขอkɔ̌ɔคำปลอบใจkam-bplɔ̀ɔp-jai
She shared her long-accumulated suffering with a close friend to seek comfort.
ในทางnai-taangพุทธศาสนาpút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaทุกข์túkคือkʉʉความไม่พอใจkwaam-mâi-pɔɔ-jaiพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanของkɔ̌ɔngชีวิตchii-wítที่tîiเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakความยึดติดkwaam-yʉ́t-dtìt
In Buddhism, dukkha is the fundamental dissatisfaction of life arising from attachment.
แม้mɛ́ɛภายนอกpaai-nɔ̂ɔkจะjàดูduuสำเร็จsǎm-rètแต่dtɛ̀ɛภายในpaai-naiเขาkǎoยังyangรู้สึกถึงrúu-sʉ̀k-tʉ̌ngทุกข์túkที่tîiกัดกินgàt-ginใจjaiจากjàakความคาดหวังkwaam-kâat-wǎngของkɔ̌ɔngสังคมsǎng-kom
Although he appears successful outwardly, inside he still feels suffering gnawing at him due to societal expectations.
2VerbB2
[to] suffer; be in distress
to experience pain, hardship, or mental distress; to feel unhappy or troubled
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)ทุกข์túkทุกข์túk1suffering; misery; distress2[to] suffer; be in distressเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำงานหนักtam-ngaan-nàkทำงานหนักtam-ngaan-nàk1[to] work hard2[to] be under heavy loadและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockเวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuafamily; household
He feels distressed because he has to work hard and has no time for his family.
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ฉันchănเคยkoeiทุกข์túkมากmâakช่วงchûuangที่têeตกงานdtòk ngaanแต่dtàeเพื่อนๆpêuuan pêuuanก็gâwช่วยให้chûuai hâiผ่านไปpàan bpaiได้dâi
I suffered a lot when I was unemployed, but my friends helped me get through it.
แม้mɛ́ɛเธอtəəจะjàแสร้งsɛ̂ɛngยิ้มyímแต่dtɛ̀ɛภายในใจpaai-nai-jaiยังคงyang-kongทุกข์túkกับgàpปัญหาbpan-hǎaที่tîiแก้gɛ̂ɛไม่mâiตกdtòk
Even though she feigns a smile, inside she still suffers from problems she cannot resolve.
เขาkăoเรียนรู้riian róoที่จะtêe jàยอมรับyom rápความจริงkwaam jingและláeค่อยๆkôi kôiปล่อยวางbplòi waangสิ่งที่sìng têeทำให้tam hâiทุกข์túk
He learned to accept reality and gradually let go of the things that made him suffer.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ทุกข์ said ทุก?
túk
- Silent letterข์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
túk
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
ข์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |