ครุ(kru)

Meanings

1AdjectiveC1

grave; serious (formal)

very serious, weighty, or severe in nature; used in formal or literary contexts

Examples

บรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàat1atmosphere; ambience2atmosphere (gaseous envelope)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of (formal/official)ห้องประชุมhông bprà-chumห้องประชุมhông bprà-chummeeting room; conference roomเคร่งครัดkrêng krátเคร่งครัดkrêng krát1strict; rigorous2strictly; rigorouslyและláeและláeand (coordinating)ครุkruครุkru1grave; serious (formal)2burdensome; weighty (figurative)3severe; heavy (of penalties)4burdensome; demandingจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofทุกคนtúk konทุกคนtúk koneveryone; everybodyเงียบงันngîiap nganเงียบงันngîiap ngandead silent; still; inactive
The atmosphere in the meeting room was so grave that everyone fell silent.
2AdjectiveC1

burdensome; weighty (figurative)

heavy or onerous in a figurative sense, e.g., responsibilities, penalties, or offenses

Examples

งานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5joule (physics unit)6unit (classifier) for eventsอาสาaa-săaอาสาaa-săa1[to] volunteer; offer2volunteer (person)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotรับมาráp maaรับมาráp maa[to] receive (and bring here); [to] get (and bring here)นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3that (emphatic/contrastive final particle)ครุkruครุkru1grave; serious (formal)2burdensome; weighty (figurative)3severe; heavy (of penalties)4burdensome; demandingเกินกว่าgern gwàaเกินกว่าgern gwàa1more than; over2beyond; past (a limit/ability/expectation)3[to] exceed; be more than4too ... to; beyond what ...ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotเขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillคิดkítคิดkít1[to] think; consider2[to] calculate; figure out3[to] charge (a price)4[to] intend; planไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)3so that; in order to4for later; in reserve5[to] leave (something) as is6[to] set aside; reserveแต่dtàeแต่dtàe1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)4even; despite (emphatic concessive)เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1not yet (with ไม่)2yet? (question use)3still; continuing4still/even (emphatic degree)ตั้งใจdtâng jaiตั้งใจdtâng jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeทำให้tam hâiทำให้tam hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]เสร็จsètเสร็จsèt1finished; done2[to] finish; be done3ready; all set4done for; screwed (slang)
The volunteer work he took on was heavier than he expected, but he still intends to finish it.
3AdjectiveC2

severe; heavy (of penalties)

Severe or heavy in a figurative sense, such as penalties or offenses.

Examples

บทลงโทษbòt long tôhtบทลงโทษbòt long tôht1punishment; penalty; disciplinary sanction2penalty provision/section (law/rules/contracts)สำหรับsăm-ràpสำหรับsăm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingการละเมิดgaan lá-mêrtการละเมิดgaan lá-mêrt1violation; infringement; breach2encroachment; trespass (on rights/privacy/sovereignty)ข้อมูลส่วนบุคคลkô-moon sùuan bùk-konข้อมูลส่วนบุคคลkô-moon sùuan bùk-konpersonal data; personal informationถือว่าtĕuu wâaถือว่าtĕuu wâa1[to] consider; regard; deem2[to] be considered; count as; be deemed3it's fair to say; arguably4fairly; ratherครุkruครุkru1grave; serious (formal)2burdensome; weighty (figurative)3severe; heavy (of penalties)4burdensome; demandingจึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2should; likely to; bound to3correct; rightป้องกันbpông ganป้องกันbpông gan1[to] protect; guard2[to] prevent; avert; ward off3preventive; protectiveอย่างรัดกุมyàang rát gumอย่างรัดกุมyàang rát gum1securely; tightly2rigorously; comprehensively3strictly; stringently
The penalty for violating personal data is onerous, so strict prevention is necessary.
4AdjectiveC2

burdensome; demanding

Heavy or onerous in a figurative sense, such as responsibilities, workloads, or burdens.

Examples

งานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5joule (physics unit)6unit (classifier) for eventsอาสาaa-săaอาสาaa-săa1[to] volunteer; offer2volunteer (person)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotรับมาráp maaรับมาráp maa[to] receive (and bring here); [to] get (and bring here)นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3that (emphatic/contrastive final particle)ครุkruครุkru1grave; serious (formal)2burdensome; weighty (figurative)3severe; heavy (of penalties)4burdensome; demandingเกินกว่าgern gwàaเกินกว่าgern gwàa1more than; over2beyond; past (a limit/ability/expectation)3[to] exceed; be more than4too ... to; beyond what ...ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotเขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillคิดkítคิดkít1[to] think; consider2[to] calculate; figure out3[to] charge (a price)4[to] intend; planไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)3so that; in order to4for later; in reserve5[to] leave (something) as is6[to] set aside; reserveแต่dtàeแต่dtàe1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)4even; despite (emphatic concessive)เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1not yet (with ไม่)2yet? (question use)3still; continuing4still/even (emphatic degree)ตั้งใจdtâng jaiตั้งใจdtâng jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeทำให้tam hâiทำให้tam hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]เสร็จsètเสร็จsèt1finished; done2[to] finish; be done3ready; all set4done for; screwed (slang)
The volunteer work he took on was heavier than he expected, but he still intends to finish it.

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