เซ่น
sêenMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] make ritual offerings
to present food, drink, or other items to deities, spirits, or ancestors as part of a ritual or ceremony
Examples
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerเช้าcháoเช้าcháo1morning2morning; early-morning3in the morningเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)จัดjàtจัดjàt1[to] arrange; organize; set up2[to] provide; supply; allocate3intense; strong; extremeโต๊ะบูชาdtó-buu-chaaโต๊ะบูชาdtó-buu-chaaaltar tableเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofเซ่นsêenเซ่นsêen1[to] make ritual offerings2[to] appease (figurative)เจ้าที่jâao-tîiเจ้าที่jâao-tîi1landowner; property owner2guardian spirit (of a place)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooผลไม้pǒn-lá-máaiผลไม้pǒn-lá-máaifruitและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)น้ำชาnáam-chaaน้ำชาnáam-chaatea (beverage)
Before morning, he sets up an altar to present offerings to the land spirits with fruit and tea.
3 more examplesShow less
ในnaiวันwanสารทไทยsàat-taiครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaฉันchǎnรวมตัวกันruuam-dtuua-ganเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเซ่นsêenบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútตามประเพณีdtaam-bprà-pee-nii
On Sart Thai day, my family gathers to present offerings to our ancestors according to tradition.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaการเซ่นผีgaan-sêen-pǐiปู่bpùuตาdtaaจะjàช่วยchûuaiคุ้มครองkúm-krɔɔngไร่นาrâi-naaจึงjʉngเตรียมdtriiamไก่ต้มgài-dtômข้าวเหนียวkâao-nǐiaoและlɛ́เหล้าlâoอย่างพิถีพิถันyàang-pí-tǐi-pí-tǎn
Villagers believe that presenting offerings to ancestral spirits will protect the fields, so they carefully prepare boiled chicken, sticky rice, and liquor.
พิธีpí-tiiเซ่นsêenต้องdtɔ̂ngทำตามtam-dtaamฤกษ์ยามrə̂ək-yaamโดยdooiผู้เฒ่าpûu-tâoจะjàกล่าวglàaoคำkamเชิญchəənดวงวิญญาณduuang-win-yaanก่อนgɔ̀ɔnวางwaangของไหว้kɔ̌ɔng-wâiลงบนlong-bonหิ้งhîng
The offering ritual must follow an auspicious time, with an elder inviting the spirits before placing the offerings on the shelf.
2VerbC1
[to] appease (figurative)
to do or give something as a concession in order to placate someone or to avert blame or misfortune (figurative use)
Examples
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporationต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเซ่นsêenเซ่นsêen1[to] make ritual offerings2[to] appease (figurative)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooการgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; task3affair; matterลดราคาlót-raa-kaaลดราคาlót-raa-kaa1[to] discount; [to] reduce the price2on sale; discountedครั้งใหญ่kráng-yàiครั้งใหญ่kráng-yài1major; large-scale2big time; severelyเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofดับdàpดับdàp1[to] go out; be extinguished2[to] extinguish; turn off3out; off; not runningกระแสgrà-sɛ̌ɛกระแสgrà-sɛ̌ɛ1current (water or electricity)2airflow; stream3trend; public opinionวิจารณ์wí-jaanวิจารณ์wí-jaan1[to] critique; [to] comment on2[to] criticize (often negatively)
The company had to make a concession by offering a big discount to quell the criticism.
3 more examplesShow less
ผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanเลือกlʉ̂ʉakเซ่นsêenตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสังคมsǎng-komเห็นว่าhěn-wâaมีmiiการgaanรับผิดชอบráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔp
The executives chose to sacrifice the manager's position as a concession so the public would see accountability.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanรีบrîipเซ่นsêenงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanโครงการkroong-gaanหนึ่งnʉ̀ngให้hâiลดลงlót-longเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกันganกระแสgrà-sɛ̌ɛโจมตีjoom-dtiiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangใช้เงินchái-ngənฟุ่มเฟือยfûm-fʉʉai
The government hurriedly cut the budget of a project as a concession to fend off attacks over extravagant spending.
เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเซ่นsêenความไม่พอใจkwaam-mâi-pɔɔ-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ถือหุ้นpûu-tʉ̌ʉ-hûnซีอีโอsii-ii-ooยอมyɔɔmตัดdtàtโบนัสboo-nátตัวเองdtuua-eengทั้งtángก้อนgɔ̂ɔnเป็นbpenสัญญาณsǎn-yaanรับผิดráp-pìt
To placate the shareholders’ discontent, the CEO conceded by forfeiting his entire bonus as a sign of accountability.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
sêen
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |