ตาล
dtaanMeanings
1Proper nounA2
name: Tan
a Thai given name or nickname, often romanized as Tan
Examples
นี่nîiนี่nîi1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)ตาลdtaanตาลdtaan1name: Tan2palmyra palm3palmyra palm fruit4classifier: ต้นเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)
This is Tan, my friend.
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Yesterday, Tan called to invite me to dinner.
Tomorrow, Tan will drive us to the beach early in the morning.
ตาลdtaanเป็นbpenคนkonร่าเริงrâa rerngคุยkuiเก่งgèngและláeชอบchôpจัดกิจกรรมjàt gìt-jà-gamให้hâiเพื่อนpêuuanๆ-
Tan is cheerful, talkative, and likes organizing activities for friends.
2NounB1
palmyra palm
the palmyra palm tree (Borassus flabellifer), common in South and Southeast Asia
Examples
ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอีสานee-săanอีสานee-săan1Isan (region of Thailand)2Isan; Northeastern Thai3Isan (language/dialect)4northeast (compass point)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoต้นตาลdtôn dtaanต้นตาลdtôn dtaanpalmyra palm tree; toddy palmขึ้นkêunขึ้นkêun1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-countryตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)ทุ่งนาtûng naaทุ่งนาtûng naarice field; paddy fieldให้เห็นhâi hĕnให้เห็นhâi hĕn[to] show; [to] make [sth] visible; [to] let [sb] seeบ่อยbòiบ่อยbòioften; frequentlyๆ-
In Isan you can often see palmyra palms growing along the rice fields.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanปลูกbplùukตาลdtaanริมคลองrim-klɔɔngเพราะprɔ́ทนแล้งton-lɛ́ɛngและlɛ́ให้ร่มเงาhâi-rôm-ngao
Villagers plant palmyra palms along canals because they are drought-tolerant and provide shade.
ถนนtà-nŏnสายsăaiนี้néeมีmeeแนวnaeoต้นตาลdtôn dtaanสูงเด่นsŏong dènเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen èek-gà-lákของkŏngภูมิทัศน์poom-mí-tát
This road is lined with tall palmyra palms, a distinctive feature of the landscape.
นักพฤกษศาสตร์nák-prʉ́k-sà-sàatอธิบายà-tí-baaiลักษณะlák-sà-nàของkɔ̌ɔngตาลdtaanว่าwâaเป็นbpenปาล์มbpaamลำต้นlam-dtônเดี่ยวdìiaoมีmiiก้านgâanใบพัดbai-pátกว้างgwâangพบpópทั่วไปtûua-bpaiในnaiเอเชียใต้ee-chiia-dtâaiและlɛ́เอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ee-chiia-dtà-wan-ɔ̀ɔk-chǐiang-dtâai
Botanists describe the palmyra palm as a single-stem palm with wide fan-shaped leaves, commonly found in South and Southeast Asia.
3NounB1
palmyra palm fruit
the fruit of the palmyra palm, including its edible flesh and young jelly-like seed kernels
Examples
ยายyaaiยายyaai1grandmother (maternal)2old woman (informal; can be rude)ต้มdtômต้มdtôm1[to] boil; simmer2boiled; poached (food)3[to] swindle; con (colloq.)สาคูsǎa-kuuสาคูsǎa-kuu1sago (starch; pearls/flour)2sago palm (Metroxylon spp.)3tapioca pearls (Thai usage)ใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)น้ำตาลnám-dtaanน้ำตาลnám-dtaan1sugar2brown (color)ตาลdtaanตาลdtaan1name: Tan2palmyra palm3palmyra palm fruit4classifier: ต้นกลิ่นหอมglìn-hɔ̌ɔmกลิ่นหอมglìn-hɔ̌ɔmpleasant smell; fragranceมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Grandma cooked sago with palm sugar from palmyra; it smells wonderful.
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หน้าร้อนnâa rónเราraoชอบchôpกินginลูกlôokตาลเฉาะเย็นdtaan chór yenๆ-เพราะpráwเนื้อnéuuaเจลjaynใสชื่นใจsăi chêun jai
In summer I like eating chilled palmyra fruit because its jelly-like flesh is refreshing.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเคี่ยวkîiaoน้ำตาลnám-dtaanจากjàakตาลdtaanจนjonข้นkônกลายเป็นglaai-bpenน้ำตาลnám-dtaanปีบbpìipไว้wáiทำtamขนมkà-nǒm
Villagers boil sap from palmyra until it thickens, becoming palm sugar paste for making desserts.
แม่ค้าmɛ̂ɛ-káaใช้cháiน้ำตาลnám-dtaanตาลdtaanแทนtɛɛnน้ำตาลทรายnám-dtaan-saaiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiขนมkà-nǒmมีmiiรสrótหอมhɔ̌ɔmลึกlʉ́kและlɛ́เอกลักษณ์èek-gà-lákท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìn
The vendor uses palmyra palm sugar instead of granulated sugar to give the dessert a deep aroma and local character.
4ClassifierB1
classifier: ต้นต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)
the classifier used when counting palmyra palm trees
Examples
สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ต้นตาลdtôn-dtaanต้นตาลdtôn-dtaanpalmyra palm tree; toddy palmไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)ใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; toppleนับเป็นnáp-bpenนับเป็นnáp-bpen[to] count as; be considered (as)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenตาลdtaanตาลdtaan1name: Tan2palmyra palm3palmyra palm fruit4classifier: ต้น
This orchard has ten palmyra palms; we count them with the classifier tan (ten tan).
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There are two palmyra palms in front of the house; they are very tall.
เจ้าของjâao-kɔ̌ɔngไร่râiซื้อsʉ́ʉกล้าตาลglâa-dtaanมาmaaอีกìikห้าhâaต้นdtônรวมทั้งruuam-tángหมดmòtเป็นbpenยี่สิบyîi-sìpตาลdtaan
The plantation owner bought five more palmyra saplings, making a total of twenty tan.
งานngaanสำรวจsăm-rùuatระบุว่าrá-bù wâaพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำpéun têe chûm námแถบนี้tàep néeมีmeeตาลdtaanกว่าgwàaเจ็ดjètร้อยróiตาลdtaanกระจายgrà-jaaiเป็นหย่อมๆbpen yòm yòm
The survey reports that this wetland area has over seven hundred palmyra palms, counted as seven hundred tan, scattered in patches.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |