คร่าว
krâaoMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
rough; approximate
not exact; only as an estimate or in a basic, provisional form
Examples
ฉันchănฉันchăn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)คำนวณkam-nuuanคำนวณkam-nuuan1[to] calculate; compute2[to] estimate; figureค่าใช้จ่ายkâa chái jàaiค่าใช้จ่ายkâa chái jàai1expenses; costs2expenses (accounting)คร่าวkrâaoคร่าวkrâao1rough; approximate2roughly; approximately3framing timber; structural frameๆ-ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeน่าจะnâa jàน่าจะnâa jà1probably; likely2be expected; should (probability)3might be a good idea (suggestion)4should have (regret/criticism)ประมาณbprà-maanประมาณbprà-maan1approximately; about2[to] estimate; approximate3estimate (noun)4something like; along the lines of (informal)5moderate; reasonable (literary)ห้าhâaห้าhâafive (number)พันpanพันpan1thousand (1,000)2thousand (modifier)3[to] wrap; wind; coil; bandage4[to be] involved; entangled; implicatedบาทbàatบาทbàat1baht (Thai currency unit)2baht (classifier for Thai currency amounts)3foot (literary)
I roughly calculated that the expenses should be about five thousand baht.
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Give me a rough plan first; we can add details later.
เขาkăoให้hâiกำหนดการgam-nòt gaanคร่าวkrâaoๆ-มาmaaเพื่อให้pêuua hâiทีมteemเตรียมตัวdtriam dtuuaล่วงหน้าlûuang nâa
He gave a rough schedule so the team could prepare in advance.
ตัวเลขdtuua lêkที่têeแจ้งjâengเป็นเพียงbpen piiangการประเมินgaan bprà-mernคร่าวkrâaoๆ-ยังyangต้องdtôngตรวจสอบdtrùuat sòpข้อมูลkôr moonจริงjingก่อนgònตัดสินใจdtàt-sĭn-jai
The figures provided are only rough estimates; the actual data must be verified before making a decision.
2AdverbB1
roughly; approximately
in an inexact way; about; circa
Examples
ประชุมbprà-chumประชุมbprà-chum1meeting; conference2[to] meet; hold a meetingจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เริ่มrêrmเริ่มrêrm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toคร่าวkrâaoคร่าวkrâao1rough; approximate2roughly; approximately3framing timber; structural frameๆ-ตอนบ่ายdton bàaiตอนบ่ายdton bàai1afternoon2in the afternoonสองsŏngสองsŏng1two; 22second
The meeting will start at about two in the afternoon.
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เราraoเล่าlâoเวลาway-laaเดินทางdern taangคร่าวkrâaoๆ-ให้hâiเพื่อนpêuuanฟังfangเพื่อให้pêuua hâiเขาkăoวางแผนwaang păenต่อdtòได้dâi
We told our friends the travel time roughly so they could plan accordingly.
งบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanคร่าวkrâaoๆ-สำหรับsăm-ràpทริปtrípนี้néeอยู่ที่yòo têeประมาณbprà-maanหมื่นmèuunบาทbàat
The rough budget for this trip is around ten thousand baht.
จากjàakข้อมูลkôr moonคร่าวkrâaoๆ-โครงการkrohng gaanน่าจะnâa jàเสร็จsètราวraaoปลายbplaaiไตรมาสสามdtrai-mâat săam
From the approximate data, the project should be finished around the end of the third quarter.
3NounB2
framing timber; structural frame
Timber members used to form a supporting frame, especially for a wall or partition; the framework made from them.
Examples
ช่างchângช่างchâng1artisan; mechanic; technician2crafts-; technical (prefix)3never mind; let it be4how (exclamatory)5[to] be inclined to; be given toทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeคร่าวไม้krâao-máaiคร่าวไม้krâao-máaiwood lath/batten frameworkรอบrɔ̂ɔpรอบrɔ̂ɔp1around; surrounding2round; cycle; lap; turn3time slot; session4perimeter; circumference; surrounding area5classifier: rounds; laps; showings6all around; fullyโครงบ้านkroong-bâanโครงบ้านkroong-bâanhouse frame; structural frameก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ค่อยkɔ̂iค่อยkɔ̂i1gradually; little by little2gently; softly3not very; hardly (with negation)4then; later; only afterติดผนังdtìt-pà-nǎngติดผนังdtìt-pà-nǎng1[to] attach [sth] to a wall; [to] mount [sth] on a wall2wall-mountedจริงjingจริงjing1true; real; genuine2really; truly; indeed3intensifier particle (final)4truth; reality (rare as noun)ภายหลังpaai-lǎngภายหลังpaai-lǎng1later; afterward2after; subsequent to
The carpenter builds a wooden framing around the house structure first, then installs the real walls afterward.
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ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnฉาบปูนchàap-bpuunเขาkǎoต้องdtɔ̂ngตั้งdtângคร่าวเหล็กkrâao-lèkให้ได้hâi-dâaiระดับrá-dàpเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaยึดyʉ́tแผ่นpɛ̀nยิปซัมyíp-sam
Before plastering, he must set up the metal framework level to fasten the gypsum boards.
เวทีwee-tiiชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoนี้níiใช้cháiคร่าวkrâaoท่อเหล็กtɔ̂ɔ-lèkเป็นbpenฐานtǎanรับน้ำหนักráp-nám-nàkแล้วlɛ́ɛoคลุมklumด้วยdûuaiแผ่นไม้pɛ̀n-máai
This temporary stage uses a skeletal steel-pipe frame as the load-bearing base, then is covered with wooden boards.
สถาปนิกsà-tǎa-bpà-níkขอkɔ̌ɔขึ้นkʉ̂nคร่าวkrâaoจำลองjam-lɔɔngขนาดkà-nàatจริงjingในพื้นที่nai-pʉ́ʉn-tîiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทดสอบtót-sɔ̀ɔpตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngผนังpà-nǎngและlɛ́ช่องเปิดchɔ̂ng-bpə̀ətก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อสร้างgɔ̀ɔ-sâangจริงjing
The architect requested erecting a full-scale mock-up frame on site to test wall positions and openings before actual construction.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คร, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
krâao
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |