อบ
òpMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)
to cook with dry heat, typically in an oven; includes baking pastries or roasting meats without direct flame
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentแม่อบmɛ̂ɛ-òpแม่อบmɛ̂ɛ-òpbrooder (device)ขนมปังkà-nǒm-bpangขนมปังkà-nǒm-bpangbreadในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)เตาdtaoเตาdtao1stove; cooker2furnace; kiln; oven
Today mom bakes bread in the oven.
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Yesterday I roasted a whole chicken for dinner.
Shall we bake chocolate cookies together tomorrow?
เขาkǎoชอบchɔ̂ɔpอบผักòp-pàkรวมruuamโดยdooiไม่mâiใช้cháiน้ำมันnám-manและlɛ́เสิร์ฟsə̀əpคู่กับkûu-gàpปลาbplaaอบòp
She likes to roast mixed vegetables without oil and serve them with baked fish.
2VerbB1
[to] heat; dry with heat
To expose something to heat, usually in an enclosed space, to warm it or remove moisture, as with clothes, herbs, or grains.
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseนำnamนำnam1[to] bring; take; lead2[to] lead; guideสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-praiสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-prai1medicinal herb; medicinal plant2herbal (as a modifier)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastอบòpอบòp1[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)2[to] heat; dry with heat3baked; oven-cooked4[to] scent; fumigate; treat with steamให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)แห้งhɛ̂ɛngแห้งhɛ̂ɛng1dry; not wet2[to] dry; become dry3dry; served without brothก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàbefore (introducing a clause)นำมาnam-maaนำมาnam-maa[to] bring [sb/sth] (here); fetchชงชาchong-chaaชงชาchong-chaa[to] make tea; [to] brew tea
Mom gently dries the herbs before brewing tea.
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หลังlǎngซักsákเสร็จsètฉันchǎnอบòpเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaด้วยdûuaiลมlomอุ่นùnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiแห้งhɛ̂ɛngเร็วขึ้นreo-kʉ̂n
After washing, I dry the clothes with warm air to make them dry faster.
ช่างภาพchâng-pâapอบòpดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiด้วยdûuaiเครื่องอบkrʉ̂ʉang-òpอุณหภูมิun-hà-puumต่ำdtàmเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเก็บgèpสีsǐiและlɛ́รูปทรงrûup-songไว้wái
The photographer gently dries flowers with a low-temperature dryer to preserve their color and shape.
ชาวนาchaao-naaอบòpข้าวเปลือกkâao-bplʉ̀ʉakอย่างค่อยเป็นค่อยไปyàang-kɔ̂i-bpen-kɔ̂i-bpaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganเมล็ดmá-létแตกdtɛ̀ɛkและlɛ́เชื้อราchʉ́ʉa-raa
The farmer gently dries paddy rice to prevent cracked grains and mold.
3AdjectiveB1
baked; oven-cooked
cooked by dry heat in an oven
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeไก่gàiไก่gài1chicken (animal)2chicken (meat)3easy mark; inexperienced person (slang)อบòpอบòp1[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)2[to] heat; dry with heat3baked; oven-cooked4[to] scent; fumigate; treat with steamกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ผักpàkผักpàkvegetable(s)อร่อยà-rɔ̀iอร่อยà-rɔ̀i1delicious; tasty2[to] taste good; be deliciousมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Yesterday my mom made oven-baked chicken with vegetables; it was very tasty.
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ฉันchănจะjàอบòpมันฝรั่งman fà-ràngไว้กินwái ginเป็นbpenอาหารเช้าaa-hăan cháaoพอporกรอบๆgròp gròpจะjàอร่อยà-ròi
I’m going to bake potatoes to eat for breakfast; they’re delicious when slightly crispy.
ร้านขนมปังráan-kà-nǒm-bpangแถวบ้านtɛ̌ɛo-bâanอบòpครัวซองต์kruua-sɔɔngใหม่màiทุกเช้าtúk-cháaoกลิ่นหอมglìn-hɔ̌ɔmไปbpaiทั้งtángซอยsɔɔi
The bakery near my house bakes fresh croissants every morning, and the whole lane smells wonderful.
สูตรsùutนี้níiต้องdtɔ̂ngอบเค้กòp-kéekที่tîiอุณหภูมิun-hà-puumต่ำdtàmและlɛ́นานnaanเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเนื้อnʉ́ʉaเนียนniianและlɛ́ไม่mâiแห้งhɛ̂ɛng
This recipe requires baking the cake at a low temperature for a long time so the crumb is smooth and not dry.
4VerbB2
[to] scent; fumigate; treat with steam
To expose something or someone to fragrant smoke, vapor, or steam in an enclosed space, for scenting, fumigation, or therapeutic treatment.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillอบòpอบòp1[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)2[to] heat; dry with heat3baked; oven-cooked4[to] scent; fumigate; treat with steamผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooไอน้ำai-náamไอน้ำai-náam1steam; water vapor2condensed mistสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-praiสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-prai1medicinal herb; medicinal plant2herbal (as a modifier)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ศีรษะsǐi-sàศีรษะsǐi-sà1head (body part; formal)2top; tip; end (literary)โล่งlôongโล่งlôong1open; spacious; clear2clear (of traffic or crowd)3relieved; at ease4well-ventilated; airyขึ้นkʉ̂nขึ้นkʉ̂n1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country
She steamed her hair with herbal vapor to clear her head.
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หลังlăngนวดnûuatเสร็จsètพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanพาไปpaa bpaiอบตัวòp dtuuaด้วยdûuayไอaiน้ำหอมnám hŏmอ่อนๆòn òn
After the massage, the staff led me to steam my body with a gentle fragrant vapor.
คุณยายkun-yaaiชอบchɔ̂ɔpอบòpสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-praiแบบไทยbɛ̀ɛp-taiเพื่อบรรเทาpʉ̂ʉa-ban-taoอาการปวดเมื่อยaa-gaan-bpùuat-mʉ̂ʉaiและlɛ́ให้hâiตัวdtuuaหอมhɔ̌ɔm
Grandma likes Thai herbal steaming to relieve aches and make the body fragrant.
สปาsà-bpaaที่นี่tîi-nîiใช้cháiน้ำมันหอมระเหยnám-man-hɔ̌ɔm-rá-hə̌əiในnaiการgaanอบตัวòp-dtuuaผสมผสานpà-sǒm-pà-sǎanกับgàpไอน้ำai-náamสมุนไพรsà-mǔn-praiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaการผ่อนคลายgaan-pɔ̀ɔn-klaaiลึกlʉ́k
This spa uses essential oils for body steaming, combined with herbal vapor for deep relaxation.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -บ, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
òp
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |