ต้อ

dtɔ̂ɔ

Meanings

1NounB2

eye disease; cataract/glaucoma

a general term for various eye diseases or conditions, such as cataracts or glaucoma

Examples

คุณยายkun-yaaiคุณยายkun-yaaimaternal grandmother; respectful term for an elderly womanมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] view; regard; considerไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)เห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard asเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ต้อdtɔ̂ɔต้อdtɔ̂ɔ1eye disease; cataract/glaucoma2short; stubbyหมอmɔ̌ɔหมอmɔ̌ɔ1doctor; physician2veterinarian3expert; specialist (informal)4traditional healer; shamanเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedนัดnátนัดnát1appointment; meeting2[to] make an appointment; arrange to meet3round; match (sports)4classifier: round; match; appointment5classifier: shot; round of ammunitionให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyผ่าตัดpàa-dtàtผ่าตัดpàa-dtàt1[to] operate (surgically)2surgery; operation3[to] undergo surgeryตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3elderly man; grandpa (informal)4grid square; mesh5turn (in a game)6eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)เดือนหน้าdʉʉan-nâaเดือนหน้าdʉʉan-nâa1next month2next month (time adverbial)
Grandma can't see very well because she has cataracts, so the doctor scheduled her for eye surgery next month.
3 more examples
การgaanโดนdoonแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtจัดjàtเข้าตาkâo-dtaaเป็นเวลานานbpen-wee-laa-naanอาจàatทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətต้อdtɔ̂ɔลมlomหรือrʉ̌ʉต้อdtɔ̂ɔเนื้อnʉ́ʉaได้dâai
Prolonged exposure to strong sunlight in the eyes can cause pinguecula or pterygium.
โรคrôokต้อหินdtɔ̂ɔ-hǐnเป็นbpenภัยเงียบpai-ngîiapที่tîiอาจàatทำให้tam-hâiสูญเสียsǔun-sǐiaการมองเห็นgaan-mɔɔng-hěnอย่างถาวรyàang-tǎa-wɔɔnหากhàakไม่ได้mâi-dâaiรับrápการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎaอย่างทันท่วงทีyàang-tan-tûuang-tii
Glaucoma is a silent threat that can cause permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.
ผู้สูงอายุpûu-sǔung-aa-yúควรkuuanเข้ารับkâo-rápการตรวจสุขภาพgaan-dtrùuat-sùk-kà-pâapตาdtaaเป็นประจำbpen-bprà-jamเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaคัดกรองkát-grɔɔngโรคrôokต้อdtɔ̂ɔและlɛ́จอประสาทตาเสื่อมjɔɔ-bprà-sàat-dtaa-sʉ̀ʉam
Elderly people should get regular eye check-ups to screen for eye diseases like cataracts or glaucoma and macular degeneration.
2AdjectiveC1

short; stubby

short, low, or stubby in stature or length

Examples

พ่อpɔ̂ɔพ่อpɔ̂ɔ1father; dad2sir; mister (rural/archaic)3prefix: male person; leader; father figureปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)มะพร้าวmá-práaoมะพร้าวmá-práao1coconut (tree)2coconut (fruit)ต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)ต้อdtɔ̂ɔต้อdtɔ̂ɔ1eye disease; cataract/glaucoma2short; stubbyไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2for later; in reserve3[to] leave (something) as is4marks retention or maintenance of a state5[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)หลังบ้านlǎng-bâanหลังบ้านlǎng-bâan1back of the house; backyard2domestic affairs; family side (figurative)3wife (figurative)4back office; behind-the-scenes operationsทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] cause; makeให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เก็บgèpเก็บgèp1to keep; save; put away2to collect; pick up; gather3to tidy up; put in order4[to] harvest; pick (fruit/flowers)5to charge; take (a fee/payment)6[to] tuck in; gather up (hair/clothes)ผลpǒnผลpǒn1classifier: fruits2result; outcome3fruit (formal)4benefit; advantageได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerง่ายngâaiง่ายngâai1easy; simple2easily; readilyโดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ng1don't have to; no need to; don't2don't; no needปีนbpiinปีนbpiin[to] climb; scale
Dad planted a short coconut tree behind the house, making it easy for us to harvest the fruits without climbing.
3 more examples
ชายchaaiคนkonนั้นnánมีmeeรูปร่างrôop râangต้อdtôล่ำlâmและláeมีmeeกล้ามเนื้อglâam néuuaเป็นbpenมัดmátๆ-ซึ่งsêungบ่งบอกถึงbòng bòk tĕungการทำงานgaan tam ngaanใช้แรงงานchái raeng ngaanอย่างหนักyàang nàk
That man has a short, stocky, and muscular build, which indicates hard physical labor.
สุนัขsù-nákคอร์กี้kɔɔ-gîiมีmiiลักษณะlák-sà-nàทางกายภาพtaang-gaai-yá-pâapที่tîiโดดเด่นdòot-dèenคือkʉʉลำตัวlam-dtuuaยาวyaaoแต่dtɛ̀ɛช่วงchûuangขาkǎaสั้นsânต้อdtɔ̂ɔซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenความน่ารักkwaam-nâa-rákเฉพาะตัวchà-pɔ́-dtuuaของkɔ̌ɔngสายพันธุ์sǎai-panนี้níi
Corgis have a prominent physical feature of a long body with short, stubby legs, which is the unique charm of this breed.
แม้ว่าmáe wâaเขาkăoจะjàไม่ได้mâi dâaiมีmeeรูปร่างrôop râangสูงโปร่งsŏong bpròhngแต่dtàeความkwaamสง่าผ่าเผยsà-ngàa pàa pŏeiก็gâwไม่ได้mâi dâaiถูกtòokบดบังbòt bangด้วยdûuayสรีระsà-ree-ráที่têeค่อนข้างkôn kâangต้อdtôแต่อย่างใดdtàe yàang dai
Even though he does not have a tall and slender figure, his imposing presence is by no means overshadowed by his rather short and stubby physique.

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markMai tho
  3. Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Falling tone

dtɔ̂ɔ

Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.

Mid class + Mai tho → Falling

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——
Work out any syllable's tone in the tone calculator