คุ้ม
kúmMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
worth it; good value
giving good value for the money, time, or effort spent; worthwhile
Examples
ตั๋วหนังdtǔua-nǎngตั๋วหนังdtǔua-nǎngmovie ticket; cinema ticketลดราคาlót-raa-kaaลดราคาlót-raa-kaa1[to] discount; [to] reduce the price2on sale; discountedวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentคุ้มkúmคุ้มkúm1worth it; good value2to guard; protect3(Northern) ruler's residence; (Isan) neighborhoodมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
The discounted movie ticket today is really worth it.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday we went to a buffet and ate enough to make it worth the money we paid.
คอร์สเรียนkɔ́ɔt-riianสามเดือนsǎam-dʉʉanนี้níiมีmiiแบบฝึกหัดbɛ̀ɛp-fʉ̀k-hàtครบkrópและlɛ́ติวdtiuตัวต่อตัวdtuua-dtɔ̀ɔ-dtuuaถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaคุ้มkúmทั้งtángเวลาwee-laaและlɛ́ค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàai
This three-month course includes comprehensive exercises and one-on-one tutoring, so it’s worth both the time and the cost.
2VerbB2
to guard; protect
to watch over and keep safe; to act as a guardian
Examples
ย่าyâaย่าyâapaternal grandmotherมักmákมักmák1often; usually2[to] tend to; usually [do sth]3fond of; inclined toคุ้มkúmคุ้มkúm1worth it; good value2to guard; protect3(Northern) ruler's residence; (Isan) neighborhoodหลานๆlăan lăanหลานๆlăan lăan1grandchildren (plural)2nieces and nephews (plural)3you kids; youngsters (address)เวลาway-laaเวลาway-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesเดินข้ามdern kâamเดินข้ามdern kâam[to] walk across [sth]; [to] cross on footถนนtà-nŏnถนนtà-nŏnroad; streetไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ให้เกิดhâi gèrtให้เกิดhâi gèrt[to] cause; bring about; give rise to; generateอันตรายan-dtà-raaiอันตรายan-dtà-raai1danger; hazard2dangerous; hazardous
Grandma usually watches over the grandchildren when they cross the street to keep them safe.
3 more examplesShow less
ผู้นำpûu-namชุมชนchum-chonคุ้มkúmดูแลduu-lɛɛเด็กกำพร้าdèk-gam-práaในnaiหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanเป็นbpenลูกหลานlûuk-lǎan
The community leader watches over the orphans in the village as if they were his own children.
เขาkǎoสัญญาsǎn-yaaว่าwâaจะjàคุ้มครองkúm-krɔɔngและlɛ́คุ้มkúmดูduuน้องสาวnɔ́ɔng-sǎaoในช่วงnai-chûuangที่tîiพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛไม่อยู่mâi-yùuบ้านbâan
He promised to protect and watch over his little sister while their parents are away.
หน่วยnùuaiอาสาสมัครaa-sǎa-sà-màkผลัดกันplàt-ganคุ้มkúmพื้นที่เสี่ยงpʉ́ʉn-tîi-sìiangในnaiตอนกลางคืนdtɔɔn-glaang-kʉʉnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganเหตุhèetไม่คาดฝันmâi-kâat-fǎn
Volunteer units take turns guarding and watching over the risky areas at night to prevent unexpected incidents.
3NounC1
(Northern) ruler's residence; (Isan) neighborhood
In Northern Thai, the residence of a ruler or noble; in Isan usage, a neighborhood or cluster of households.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiaoไปเที่ยวbpai-tîiao1[to] go out for fun; hang out2[to] travel for leisure; go on a trip; go sightseeing3[to] drop by for fun; pay a casual visitคุ้มkúmคุ้มkúm1worth it; good value2to guard; protect3(Northern) ruler's residence; (Isan) neighborhoodเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเมืองแพร่mʉʉang-prɛ̂ɛเมืองแพร่mʉʉang-prɛ̂ɛMueang Phrae (Phrae city/district)ซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationเคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)เป็นที่bpen-tîiเป็นที่bpen-tîi1[to] be/serve as a place (for…)2[to] be the object of; be regarded withอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsเจ้าjâaoเจ้าjâao1lord; master; owner2ruler; prince (royal title)3deity; spirit (title/noun)4prefix: familiar or affectionate term before names or nouns5you (familiar/regional; archaic/literary)6classifier for businesses, suppliers, or individual partiesผู้ครองเมืองpûu-krɔɔng-mʉʉangผู้ครองเมืองpûu-krɔɔng-mʉʉangruler; governor
We visited an old royal residence in Phrae that was once the home of the city’s ruler.
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ในnaiหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanอีสานii-sǎanแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láคุ้มkúmจะjàช่วยกันchûuai-ganทำอาหารtam-aa-hǎanมาmaaเลี้ยงlíiangคนkonที่มาtîi-maaร่วมงานrûuam-ngaanบุญbun
In this Isan village, each neighborhood prepares food together to serve people attending the merit-making celebration.
การบูรณะgaan-buu-rá-náคุ้มkúmเจ้านายjâo-naaiฝ่ายfàaiเหนือnʉ̌ʉaหลังlǎngนี้níiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiมุ่งmûngเพียงpiiangรักษาrák-sǎaตัวอาคารdtuua-aa-kaanแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangต้องdtɔ̂ngการถ่ายทอดgaan-tàai-tɔ̂ɔtวิถีชีวิตwí-tǐi-chii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngผู้คนpûu-konที่tîiเคยkəəiอาศัยอยู่aa-sǎi-yùuภายในpaai-nai
The restoration of this northern Thai noble’s residence aims not only to preserve the building but also to convey the way of life of the people who once lived there.
ยายyaaiเล่าlâoว่าwâaสมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnคนkonในnaiคุ้มkúmเดียวกันdiiao-ganที่tîiบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ətในnaiอีสานii-sǎanสนิทสนมsà-nìt-sà-nǒmกันganราวกับraao-gàpญาติyâatบ้านbâanไหนnǎiมีmiiงานแต่งngaan-dtɛ̀ngหรือrʉ̌ʉงานศพngaan-sòpก็gɔ̂จะjàมาช่วยmaa-chûuaiกันganโดยdooiไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngเอ่ยปากyèe-bpàak
Grandma said that people in the same neighborhood in her Isan hometown used to be as close as family; whenever a household held a wedding or funeral, everyone would help without being asked.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
kúm
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |