หมัก
màkMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] marinate
to soak food in a seasoned mixture to add flavor or tenderize before cooking.
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseหมักmàkหมักmàk1[to] marinate2[to] ferment3[to] apply and leave on (treatment)หมูmǔuหมูmǔu1pig; hog2pork3easy; a pushover (informal)4classifier: ตัว5fat person (impolite)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooซีอิ๊วsii-íuซีอิ๊วsii-íusoy sauce (general)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)กระเทียมgrà-tiiamกระเทียมgrà-tiiamgarlic (plant/bulb)ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerทอดtɔ̂ɔtทอดtɔ̂ɔt1[to] fry (in oil)2[to] stretch out; extend; lay out3[to] cast; throw (a net/line)4[to] lay out; present (religious offerings)
Mom marinates the pork with soy sauce and garlic before frying.
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เราraoควรkuuanหมักmàkไก่gàiไว้wáiอย่างน้อยyàang-nɔ́ɔiหนึ่งnʉ̀ngชั่วโมงchûua-moongเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiนุ่มnûm
We should marinate the chicken for at least one hour to make it tender.
เขาkǎoหมักmàkปลาbplaaด้วยdûuaiน้ำมะนาวnáam-má-naaoเกลือglʉʉaและlɛ́พริกไทยprík-taiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiมีกลิ่นหอมmii-glìn-hɔ̌ɔm
He marinates the fish with lime juice, salt, and pepper to add fragrance.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnย่างเนื้อyâang-nʉ́ʉaเราraoหมักmàkด้วยdûuaiซอสsɔ́ɔtขิงkǐngน้ำผึ้งnáam-pʉ̂ngและlɛ́ซีอิ๊วดำsii-íu-damข้ามคืนkâam-kʉʉnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiรสrótเข้าเนื้อkâo-nʉ́ʉa
Before grilling the meat, we marinate it overnight with ginger sauce, honey, and dark soy sauce so the flavors penetrate.
2VerbB1
[to] ferment
to subject to fermentation or allow to ferment (e.g., vegetables, alcohol, fermented foods).
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultกะหล่ำปลีgà-làm-bpliiกะหล่ำปลีgà-làm-bpliicabbageมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerหมักmàkหมักmàk1[to] marinate2[to] ferment3[to] apply and leave on (treatment)ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeกิมจิgim-jìกิมจิgim-jìkimchiไว้กินwái-ginไว้กินwái-gin[to] keep for eating laterเองeengเองeeng1oneself; personally; by oneself2only; just; merely3exactly that/itself
We ferment cabbage to make kimchi to eat ourselves.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanหมักmàkข้าวเหนียวkâao-nǐiaoกับgàpยีสต์yíitเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำtamสาโทsǎa-tooแบบดั้งเดิมbɛ̀ɛp-dâng-dəəm
Villagers ferment sticky rice with yeast to make traditional sato (rice wine).
เขาkǎoหมักmàkถั่วเหลืองtùua-lʉ̌ʉangหลายlǎaiเดือนdʉʉanจนได้jon-dâaiซีอิ๊วsii-íuที่tîiหอมhɔ̌ɔmและlɛ́รสrótเข้มkêm
He ferments soybeans for months to produce fragrant, robust soy sauce.
การหมักgaan-màkผักpàkด้วยdûuaiเกลือglʉʉaช่วยให้chûuai-hâiจุลินทรีย์jù-lin-siiที่ดีtîi-diiเจริญjà-rəənและlɛ́สร้างsâangกรดgròtแลกติกlɛ̂ɛk-dtìkซึ่งsʉ̂ngทำให้tam-hâiอาหารaa-hǎanเปรี้ยวbprîiaoและlɛ́เก็บได้gèp-dâaiนานnaan
Fermenting vegetables with salt allows beneficial microbes to thrive and produce lactic acid, which makes the food sour and long-lasting.
3VerbB1
[to] apply and leave on (treatment)
to apply and leave a substance to work over time, especially for hair or fabric (e.g., หมักผม = condition hair; หมักผ้า = soak fabric).
Examples
เมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉnเมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉn1last night (the night before today)2last nightฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)หมักmàkหมักmàk1[to] marinate2[to] ferment3[to] apply and leave on (treatment)ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)ด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooครีมkriimครีมkriim1cream (dairy)2cream (cosmetic/medicated)3cream-coloredนานnaanนานnaan1for a long time2long (in duration)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenนาทีnaa-tiiนาทีnaa-tii1minute (time unit)2moment; minute (informal)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ล้างออกláang-ɔ̀ɔkล้างออกláang-ɔ̀ɔk[to] wash [sth] off/out; rinse [sth] off
Last night I conditioned my hair with a cream for ten minutes and then rinsed it out.
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เวลาwee-laaไปbpaiทะเลtá-leeฉันchǎnชอบchɔ̂ɔpหมักmàkผ้าพันคอpâa-pan-kɔɔในnaiน้ำยาปรับผ้านุ่มnáam-yaa-bpràp-pâa-nûmเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiหอมhɔ̌ɔmและlɛ́นุ่มnûmขึ้นkʉ̂n
When I go to the beach, I like to soak my scarf in fabric softener to make it smell good and become softer.
ช่างทำผมchâng-tam-pǒmแนะนำให้nɛ́-nam-hâiหมักmàkผมpǒmสัปดาห์sàp-daaละláครั้งkrángเพราะprɔ́เส้นผมsên-pǒmแห้งเสียhɛ̂ɛng-sǐiaจากjàakการย้อมสีgaan-yɔ́ɔm-sǐi
The hairdresser recommended conditioning my hair once a week because it’s dry and damaged from coloring.
ก่อนgònซักsákผ้าไหมpâa măiควรkuuanถูกtòokหมักmàkด้วยdûuayสารละลายsăan-lá-laaiอ่อนònๆ-เพื่อpêuuaรักษาrák-săaสีsĕeและláeลดlótความกระด้างkwaam grà-dâangของkŏngเส้นใยsên yai
Before washing, silk should be soaked in a mild solution to preserve its color and reduce the stiffness of the fibers.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ม puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
màk
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |