จรณะ
jà-rá-náMeanings
1NounC1
conduct; behavior
conduct, behavior, or moral practice (often used in religious or formal contexts)
Examples
พระสงฆ์prá-sǒngพระสงฆ์prá-sǒng1the monastic order; Buddhist clergy2a monk (formal/literary)ต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-miiต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-mii[to] need to have; be required to haveจรณะjà-rá-náจรณะjà-rá-ná1conduct; behavior2going; traveling3foot; feetอันanอันan1general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things2which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)3as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)4thing; item; oneงดงามngót-ngaamงดงามngót-ngaambeautiful; elegant; splendid (formal/literary)เพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatผู้คนpûu-konผู้คนpûu-konpeople; the publicเคารพศรัทธาkao-róp-sàt-taaเคารพศรัทธาkao-róp-sàt-taa[to] revere [sb/sth]; [to] venerate [sb/sth]
Monks must have beautiful conduct to earn people's respect and faith.
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การศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaธรรมะtam-máไม่เพียงแต่mâi-piiang-dtɛ̀ɛเน้นnénความรู้kwaam-rúuแต่dtɛ̀ɛต้องdtɔ̂ngเน้นnénเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangจรณะjà-rá-náในnaiการดำเนินชีวิตgaan-dam-nəən-chii-wítด้วยdûuai
Studying Dhamma does not only emphasize knowledge, but must also emphasize moral conduct in living.
สมเด็จพระสัมมาสัมพุทธเจ้าsŏm-dèt prá săm-maa-săm-pút-tá-jâaoทรงเป็นsong bpenผู้pôoถึงtĕungพร้อมด้วยpróm dûuaiวิชชาwít-chaaและláeจรณะjà-rá-náอันanบริสุทธิ์bo-rí-sùt
The Supreme Buddha is one who is endowed with pure knowledge and flawless conduct.
ผู้ปฏิบัติธรรมpûu-bpà-dtì-bàt-tamควรkuuanหมั่นmànตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpจรณะjà-rá-náของkɔ̌ɔngตนเองdton-eengอยู่เสมอyùu-sà-mə̌əว่าwâaสอดคล้องกับsɔ̀ɔt-klɔ́ɔng-gàpหลักศีลธรรมlàk-sǐin-lá-tamหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi
Dhamma practitioners should constantly examine their own conduct to see if it aligns with moral principles.
2NounC2
going; traveling
the act of going, traveling, or moving about, used in literary or formal language
Examples
จรณะjà-rá-náจรณะjà-rá-ná1conduct; behavior2going; traveling3foot; feetของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsพระธุดงค์prá-tú-dongพระธุดงค์prá-tú-dongascetic monk; wandering monkในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ป่าbpàaป่าbpàa1forest; woodland2the wild; wilderness3wild; undomesticated; uncultivatedใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorเปี่ยมไปด้วยbpìiam-bpai-dûuaiเปี่ยมไปด้วยbpìiam-bpai-dûuai[to] be full of [sth]; [to] be filled with [sth]ความสงบวิเวกkwaam-sà-ngòp-wí-wêekความสงบวิเวกkwaam-sà-ngòp-wí-wêekpeaceful seclusion; tranquility
The wandering of the ascetic monk in the great forest is filled with tranquil solitude.
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กวีgà-wiiบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ngจรณะjà-rá-náของkɔ̌ɔngตัวละครหลักdtuua-lá-kɔɔn-làkที่tîiรอนแรมrɔɔn-rɛɛmข้ามkâamเขาkǎoสูงชันsǔung-chanด้วยdûuaiถ้อยคำtɔ̂ɔi-kamที่tîiสละสลวยsà-là-sà-lǔuai
The poet described the journeying of the main character who traveled across steep mountains with elegant words.
จรณะjà-rá-náของkɔ̌ɔngกองคาราวานgɔɔng-kaa-raa-waanผ่านpàanทะเลทรายtá-lee-saaiอันanกว้างใหญ่gwâang-yàiกินเวลาgin-wee-laaหลายlǎaiเดือนdʉʉan
The journey of the caravan across the vast desert took several months.
แม้mɛ́ɛจรณะjà-rá-náสู่sùuวิถีwí-tǐiแห่งhɛ̀ngความหลุดพ้นkwaam-lùt-pónจะjàกันดารgan-daanเพียงใดpiiang-daiพระpráมหาบุรุษmá-hǎa-bù-rútก็gɔ̂มิmíเคยkəəiย่อท้อyɔ̂ɔ-tɔ́ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔวิบากกรรมwí-bàak-gam
No matter how desolate the journey toward the path of liberation might be, the Great Man never yielded to karmic tribulations.
3NounC2
foot; feet
a foot or feet, used in literary or classical language
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiวรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiThai literatureคำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)จรณะjà-rá-náจรณะjà-rá-ná1conduct; behavior2going; traveling3foot; feetมักmákมักmák1often; usually2[to] tend to; usually [do sth]3fond of; inclined toถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)นำมาใช้nam-maa-cháiนำมาใช้nam-maa-chái1[to] use; apply; utilize; employ [sth]2[to] adopt; implement [sth]เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ngบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ng[to] describe [sth/sb]; [to] lecture about [sth]เท้าtáaoเท้าtáao1foot2base; pedestal; bottom part3[to] brace; prop; rest against for supportของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔnตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔn1character (in a story, play, film, game)2player; person involved (in an event)สำคัญsǎm-kanสำคัญsǎm-kan1important; significant; essential2[to] think; assume; suppose (often mistakenly)
In Thai literature, the word 'charana' is often used to describe the feet of important characters.
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ผู้ศรัทธาpûu-sàt-taaน้อมnɔ́ɔmเศียรsǐianลงlongกราบgràapแทบtɛ̂ɛpจรณะjà-rá-náของkɔ̌ɔngพระอริยสงฆ์prá-à-rí-yá-sǒngด้วยdûuaiความเคารพkwaam-kao-rópอย่างสูงสุดyàang-sǔung-sùt
The faithful bowed their heads to prostrate at the feet of the noble monk with the utmost respect.
นางอัปสรnaang-àp-sɔ̌ɔnในnaiภาพจิตรกรรมฝาผนังpâap-jìt-dtrà-gam-fǎa-pà-nǎngมีmiiจรณะjà-rá-náที่tîiอ่อนช้อยɔ̀ɔn-chɔ́ɔiราวกับraao-gàpกำลังgam-langร่ายรำrâai-ramอยู่yùuบนbonสรวงสวรรค์sǔuang-sà-wǎn
The apsaras in the mural paintings have graceful feet as if they are dancing in heaven.
กวีพรรณนาgà-wii-pan-ná-naaถึงtʉ̌ngความkwaamสิริโฉมsì-rí-chǒomของkɔ̌ɔngนางในวรรณคดีnaang-nai-wan-ná-ká-diiว่าwâaมีmiiจรณะjà-rá-náงดงามngót-ngaamดั่งdàngกลีบดอกบัวglìip-dɔ̀ɔk-buua
The poet depicted the exquisite beauty of the literary heroine, saying she had beautiful feet like lotus petals.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is จรณะ said จะ-ระ-นะ?
jà-rá-ná
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
jà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |