กันดาร
gan-daanMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
barren; arid; desolate; remote
dry and lacking water; hard for plants or people to live in; desolate or far from services
Examples
ฤดูร้อนrʉ́-duu-rɔ́ɔnฤดูร้อนrʉ́-duu-rɔ́ɔn1summer; hot season2summer; summertimeที่นี่tîi-nîiที่นี่tîi-nîi1here; at this place2this place; the current locationดินdinดินdin1soil; earth; dirt2the ground; land (surface)3clay; earthen material4earth (electrical)กันดารgan-daanกันดารgan-daan1barren; arid; desolate; remote2scarce; meagerน้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)บ่อbɔ̀ɔบ่อbɔ̀ɔ1pit; hole; excavation2well (water)3pond; pool4classifier: wells/ponds/pits5source; origin (figurative)แห้งhɛ̂ɛngแห้งhɛ̂ɛng1dry; not wet2[to] dry; become dry3dry; served without brothจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastตักน้ำdtàk-náamตักน้ำdtàk-náam[to] scoop/draw waterไกลglaiไกลglai1far; distant2far; to a distant place3far (in time/relationship); distant
In the summer here the land is arid; the well dries up so people have to fetch water from far away.
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หมู่บ้านmùu-bâanในnaiหุบเขาhùp-kǎoนั้นnánกันดารgan-daanมากmâakปลูกผักbplùuk-pàkยากyâakเพราะprɔ́แทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่มีน้ำmâi-mii-náam
That village in the valley is very desolate; growing vegetables is difficult because there is hardly any water.
เราraoออกเดินทางɔ̀ɔk-dəən-taangผ่านpàanพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiกันดารgan-daanที่tîiไม่มีmâi-miiร้านค้าráan-káaและlɛ́แทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่มีmâi-miiร่มไม้rôm-máai
We traveled through a desolate area with no shops and hardly any shade.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanส่งsòngรถบรรทุกน้ำrót-ban-túk-náamเข้าkâoพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiกันดารgan-daanเพื่อบรรเทาpʉ̂ʉa-ban-taoความเดือดร้อนkwaam-dʉ̀ʉat-rɔ́ɔnของkɔ̌ɔngชาวบ้านchaao-bâanในช่วงnai-chûuangแล้งlɛ́ɛngจัดjàt
The government sent water trucks to the arid areas to alleviate villagers’ hardship during the severe drought.
2AdjectiveB2
scarce; meager
in short supply; not enough of needed resources or services
Examples
ช่วงนี้chûuang-níiช่วงนี้chûuang-níi1these days; lately; currently2this period (of time); the current periodหน้ากากอนามัยnâa-gàak-à-naa-maiหน้ากากอนามัยnâa-gàak-à-naa-maimedical face mask; surgical maskกันดารgan-daanกันดารgan-daan1barren; arid; desolate; remote2scarce; meagerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ร้านขายยาráan-kǎai-yaaร้านขายยาráan-kǎai-yaapharmacy; drugstore; chemist’s (BrE)เติมdtəəmเติมdtəəm1[to] fill; fill up2[to] add; supplement3[to] top up; refill (services/money)สต็อกsà-dtɔ́kสต็อกsà-dtɔ́k1stock; inventory (goods on hand)2[to] stock; keep in inventory3stock (financial shares) [loan/less common]ไม่ทันmâi-tanไม่ทันmâi-tan1not in time; too late2[to] miss [sth]; fail to be in time (for [sth])3[to] not keep up (with [sb]/[sth]); be outpaced4[to] not get the chance to (do [sth])
Currently face masks are in short supply, making pharmacies unable to restock in time.
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พนักงานpá-nák-ngaanบ่นbònว่าwâaสายชาร์จsǎai-cháatในnaiออฟฟิศɔ́ɔp-fítก็gɔ̂นับว่าnáp-wâaกันดารgan-daanจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngผลัดกันplàt-ganใช้chái
Employees complained that chargers in the office are in short supply, so they have to take turns using them.
หลังlǎngเกิดgə̀ətภัยพิบัติpai-pí-bàtทรัพยากรsáp-pá-yaa-gɔɔnพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanเช่นchênน้ำสะอาดnáam-sà-àatและlɛ́ไฟฟ้าfai-fáaกันดารgan-daanจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngจัดสรรjàt-sǎnอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wang
After the disaster, basic resources like clean water and electricity were in short supply, so they had to be allocated carefully.
ในnaiบางbaangชุมชนchum-chonบริการสาธารณสุขbɔɔ-rí-gaan-sǎa-taa-rá-ná-sùkยังคงyang-kongกันดารgan-daanส่งผลให้sòng-pǒn-hâiผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiเข้าถึงkâo-tʉ̌ngการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎaได้dâaiล่าช้าlâa-cháa
In some communities, healthcare services remain in short supply, causing delays in patients’ access to treatment.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |