กัลปนา
gan-lá-bpà-naaMeanings
1NounC2
temple endowment; dedicated property
land or other property whose benefits or income are dedicated to a temple or to Buddhism
Examples
ที่ดินtîi-dinที่ดินtîi-dinland (property)แปลงbplɛɛngแปลงbplɛɛng1[to] transform; convert; modify; adapt2plot; parcel (of land); garden bed3classifier: plots/sections (of land, garden beds)นี้níiนี้níi1this2this oneเป็นที่bpen-tîiเป็นที่bpen-tîi1[to] be/serve as a place (for…)2[to] be the object of; be regarded withกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naa1temple endowment; dedicated property2[to] dedicate; assign [sth] to [sb/sth]ซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationรายได้raai-dâaiรายได้raai-dâaiincome; earnings; revenueทั้งหมดtáng-mòtทั้งหมดtáng-mòt1all; entire; whole2all; in total; completely3the whole; everythingจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmการเก็บgaan-gèpการเก็บgaan-gèp1storage; retention2collection; gathering3saving; setting aside (money/resources)4harvesting5tidying; putting awayค่าเช่าkâa-châoค่าเช่าkâa-châorent; rental charge/feeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)นำไปnam-bpaiนำไปnam-bpai[to] take; carry; bring [sb/sth] (away/to somewhere)บำรุงbam-rungบำรุงbam-rung1[to] nourish; maintain; keep in good condition2[to] support; promote (well-being or development)วัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assess
This plot of land is a dedicated temple property, from which all collected rent income is used to maintain the temple.
3 more examplesShow less
ในnaiสมัยอยุธยาsà-mǎi-à-yút-tá-yaaพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàtมักจะmák-jàพระราชทานprá-râat-chá-taanที่ดินtîi-dinให้hâiเป็นที่bpen-tîiกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaนำnamผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòotไปbpaiบำรุงbam-rungพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎa
During the Ayutthaya period, kings often granted land as dedicated temple estates in order to use the benefits to support Buddhism.
ตามdtaamพระราชบัญญัติคณะสงฆ์prá-râat-chá-ban-yàt-ká-ná-sǒngที่tîiกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaคือkʉʉที่ดินtîi-dinซึ่งsʉ̂ngมีmiiผู้pûuอุทิศù-títผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòotให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛวัดwátแม้mɛ́ɛกรรมสิทธิ์gam-má-sìtในnaiที่ดินtîi-dinนั้นnánจะjàยังคงyang-kongเป็นbpenของkɔ̌ɔngบุคคลอื่นbùk-kon-ʉ̀ʉnก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
According to the Sangha Act, Kanlapana land is property whose benefits have been dedicated to a temple, even if the ownership of that land still belongs to another person.
การจัดการgaan-jàt-gaanผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòotจากjàakนาnaaกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaในnaiหัวเมืองhǔua-mʉʉangพัทลุงpát-tá-lungสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panอันanแนบแน่นnɛ̂ɛp-nɛ̂nระหว่างrá-wàangสถาบันศาสนาsà-tǎa-ban-sàat-sà-nǎaกับgàpรัฐrátและlɛ́ชุมชนchum-chonท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnในอดีตnai-à-dìit
The management of benefits from the dedicated temple rice fields in Phatthalung province reflects the deeply intertwined relationship between the religious institution, the state, and local communities in the past.
2VerbC2
[to] dedicate; assign [sth] to [sb/sth]
to set aside or designate something for a particular person, purpose, or religious use, such as dedicating merit to the dead or property to a temple
Examples
หลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)การทำบุญgaan-tam-bunการทำบุญgaan-tam-bun1merit-making (Buddhist practice)2merit-making ceremony/eventครบรอบkróp-rɔ̂ɔpครบรอบkróp-rɔ̂ɔp1anniversary2anniversary (modifier)3[to] reach an anniversary; complete a full period since an eventวันตายwan-dtaaiวันตายwan-dtaaiday of death; date of deathครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuafamily; householdได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naa1temple endowment; dedicated property2[to] dedicate; assign [sth] to [sb/sth]ส่วนกุศลsùuan-gù-sǒnส่วนกุศลsùuan-gù-sǒnshare/portion of spiritual meritให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛto; for [sb] (recipient/beneficiary; formal)บรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútancestor; forebearผู้ล่วงลับpûu-lûuang-lápผู้ล่วงลับpûu-lûuang-lápthe deceased; the departed
After the death anniversary merit-making, the family dedicated the merit to their late ancestors.
3 more examplesShow less
เศรษฐีsèt-tĕeชราchá-raaทำtamพินัยกรรมpí-nai gamกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaรายได้raai dâiจากที่jàak têeดินdinของkŏngตนdtonให้แก่hâi gàeวัดwátเพื่อpêuuaใช้cháiเป็นbpenทุนทรัพย์tun-ná-sápในnaiการบูรณปฏิสังขรณ์gaan boo-rá-ná-bpà-dtì-săng-kŏnอารามaa-raam
The elderly millionaire made a will dedicating the income from his land to the temple, to be used as funds for the restoration of the monastery.
ในnaiสมัยโบราณsà-măi boh-raanพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hăa-gà-sàtมักจะmák jàทรงsongกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaที่ดินtêe dinและláeหมู่บ้านmòo bâanรอบrôpๆ-ให้แก่hâi gàeวัดwátเพื่อให้pêuua hâiทางวัดtaang wátเก็บgèpผลประโยชน์pŏn-bprà-yôhtไว้wáiใช้สอยchái sŏiในnaiกิจการgìt-jà-gaanของkŏngพระศาสนาprá sàat-sà-năa
In ancient times, kings would often dedicate lands and surrounding villages to temples so that the temples could collect the benefits for use in religious affairs.
ในnaiการพระราชพิธีgaan-prá-râat-chá-pí-tiiบำเพ็ญbam-penพระราชกุศลprá-râat-chá-gù-sǒnทักษิณาták-sì-naaนุปnúpทานtaanพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàtจะjàทรงsongกัลปนาgan-lá-bpà-naaพระราชกุศลprá-râat-chá-gù-sǒnถวายtà-wǎaiแด่dɛ̀ɛสมเด็จพระบูรพมหากษัตริยาธิราชเจ้าsǒm-dèt-prá-buu-rá-pá-má-hǎa-gà-sàt-rí-yaa-tí-râat-jâao
In the royal merit-making ceremony for the deceased, the monarch dedicates the royal merit to the past kings.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กัลปนา said กัน-ละ-ปะ-นา?
gan-lá-bpà-naa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
4 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |