อุปธิ
ù-bpà-tíMeanings
1NounC2
mental condition; defilement
a state or disposition lodged in the mind; a defilement or basis of suffering in Buddhist philosophy
Examples
ในทางnai-taangในทางnai-taangin terms of; in the field/aspect of [sth]พุทธศาสนาpút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaพุทธศาสนาpút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaBuddhismความยึดมั่นถือมั่นkwaam-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mânความยึดมั่นถือมั่นkwaam-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mânstrong attachment; clingingถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpen1[to] be considered; be regarded; count as2[to] constitute; amount toอุปธิù-bpà-tíอุปธิù-bpà-tí1mental condition; defilement2physical bodyที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]มนุษย์má-nútมนุษย์má-núthuman; human beingต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toพบกับpóp-gàpพบกับpóp-gàp[to] meet with [sb]; [to] encounter [sth]ความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, attachment is considered a defilement that causes humans to experience suffering.
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พระภิกษุprá-pík-sùผู้pûuมุ่งหวังmûng-wǎngความหลุดพ้นkwaam-lùt-pónจะต้องjà-dtɔ̂ngฝึกfʉ̀kปฏิบัติbpà-dtì-bàtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaละทิ้งlá-tíngอุปธิù-bpà-tíที่tîiหมักหมมmàk-mǒmอยู่ในyùu-naiจิตใจjìt-jaiให้hâiสิ้นซากsîn-sâak
Monks seeking liberation must practice to completely eradicate the defilements lodged in the mind.
การเจริญสติปัฏฐานgaan-jà-rəən-sà-dtì-bpàt-tǎanเป็นbpenหนทางhǒn-taangหนึ่งในnʉ̀ng-naiการชำระล้างgaan-cham-rá-láangอุปธิù-bpà-tíอันเป็นan-bpenรากฐานrâak-tǎanแห่งhɛ̀ngกิเลสgì-lèetทั้งปวงtáng-bpuuang
Cultivating mindfulness is one way to cleanse the defilement which is the foundation of all unwholesome traits.
นิพพานníp-paanคือkʉʉสภาวะsà-paa-wáที่tîiจิตดับjìt-dàpอุปธิù-bpà-tíทั้งปวงtáng-bpuuangปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakตัณหาdtan-hǎaและlɛ́รากฐานrâak-tǎanแห่งhɛ̀ngความทุกข์kwaam-túkอย่างสิ้นเชิงyàang-sîn-chəəng
Nirvana is the state where the mind extinguishes all defilements, completely free from craving and the basis of suffering.
2NounC2
physical body
the physical body or form (typically used in religious or philosophical contexts)
Examples
เมื่อmêuuaเมื่อmêuua1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)ถึงเวลาtĕung way-laaถึงเวลาtĕung way-laait's time [to do sth]ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอุปธิù-bpà-tíอุปธิù-bpà-tí1mental condition; defilement2physical bodyแตกดับdtàek dàpแตกดับdtàek dàp[to] perish; to die; to be destroyedมนุษย์má-nútมนุษย์má-núthuman; human beingทุกคนtúk konทุกคนtúk koneveryone; everybodyก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่อาจmâi àatไม่อาจmâi àat[to be] unable to; cannotนำnamนำnam1[to] bring; take; lead2[to] lead; guide3[to] lead; be aheadทรัพย์สมบัติsáp sŏm-bàtทรัพย์สมบัติsáp sŏm-bàt1property; assets; possessions2wealth; richesใดๆdai daiใดๆdai dai1any; whatsoever2anything; whatever thing(s) (formal/literary)3at all; whatsoeverติดตัวdtìt dtuuaติดตัวdtìt dtuua1[to] have/carry on one’s person2with you; on one’s person; on hand3[to] cling/adhere to one’s body (of smells/stains/etc.)4[to] remain with [sb] (of traits/skills/etc.); be inherentไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
When the time comes for the physical body to perish, no human can take any wealth with them.
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พระอริยสงฆ์prá-à-rí-yá-sŏngได้dâiละláอุปธิù-bpà-tíและláeดับขันธปรินิพพานdàp-kăn-tá-bpà-rí-níp-paanไปbpaiอย่างสงบyàang sà-ngòpเมื่อยามmêuua yaamรุ่งอรุณrûng à-run
The noble monk left his physical body and peacefully attained parinirvana at dawn.
ผู้มีปัญญาpûu-mii-bpan-yaaย่อมyɔ̂mพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaเห็นว่าhěn-wâaอุปธิù-bpà-tíนี้níiเป็นเพียงbpen-piiangรังrangของkɔ̌ɔngโรคrôokและlɛ́จะต้องjà-dtɔ̂ngเสื่อมสลายsʉ̀ʉam-sà-lǎaiไปตามbpai-dtaamกาลเวลาgaan-wee-laa
The wise contemplate and see that this physical body is merely a nest of diseases and must decay over time.
การเพ่งgaan-pêngพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaความkwaamปฏิกูลbpà-dtì-guunของkɔ̌ɔngอุปธิù-bpà-tíช่วยให้chûuai-hâiผู้pûuเจริญjà-rəənวิปัสสนาwí-bpàt-sà-naaคลายklaaiความกำหนัดkwaam-gam-nàtยินดีyin-diiในnaiรูปกายrûup-gaai
Contemplating the repulsiveness of the physical form helps vipassana practitioners release their lustful attachment to the body.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is อุปธิ said อุ-ปะ-ทิ?
ù-bpà-tí
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ù
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |