อบร่ำ
òp-râmMeanings
1VerbC2
[to] perfume [sth] with aromatic smoke/vapor (traditional fumigation)
to scent something by exposing it to aromatic smoke or scented vapor, as in traditional Thai perfuming of garments, letters, or desserts
Examples
สมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnสมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔn1formerly; in the past; back then2the old days; former timesคนไทยkon-taiคนไทยkon-taiThai person; Thai people; Thai nationalนิยมní-yomนิยมní-yom1[to] favor; be popular; be in vogue2favor; esteem; preference3custom; accepted usage4-ism; ideology; doctrineอบร่ำòp-râmอบร่ำòp-râm1[to] perfume [sth] with aromatic smoke/vapor (traditional fumigation)2perfumed by fumigationเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaเสื้อผ้าsʉ̂ʉa-pâaclothes; clothing; apparelด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooกำยานgam-yaanกำยานgam-yaan1incense (general)2incense resin; benzoinหรือrʉ̌ʉหรือrʉ̌ʉ1or (choice/alternative)2or?; really? (question/finality particle)เครื่องหอมkrʉ̂ʉang-hɔ̌ɔmเครื่องหอมkrʉ̂ʉang-hɔ̌ɔmperfumery; incense; fragrant toiletriesเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatมีกลิ่นหอมmii-glìn-hɔ̌ɔmมีกลิ่นหอมmii-glìn-hɔ̌ɔm[to] be fragrant; [to] smell goodติดทนนานdtìt-ton-naanติดทนนานdtìt-ton-naanlong‑lasting; long‑wearing
In the old days, Thai people liked to scent their clothes with frankincense or aromatic substances to give them a long-lasting fragrance.
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คุณยายkun yaaiกำลังgam-langสอนsŏnวิธีwí-teeอบร่ำòp râmขนมkà-nŏmกลีบglèepลำlamดdวนwonด้วยdûuayควันkwanเทียนtianเพื่อให้pêuua hâiขนมkà-nŏmมีกลิ่นหอมmee glìn hŏmอันanเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen èek-gà-lák
Grandma is teaching how to scent Kleeb Lamduan cookies with candle smoke to give the dessert its signature aroma.
การอบgaan-òpร่ำrâmผ้าpâaเป็นbpenศาสตร์และศิลป์sàat-lɛ́-sǐnชั้นสูงchán-sǔungของkɔ̌ɔngสตรีsà-dtriiในnaiราชสำนักrâat-chá-sǎm-nákสมัยโบราณsà-mǎi-boo-raanที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiความประณีตkwaam-bprà-nîitและlɛ́ใส่ใจsài-jaiในnaiทุกtúkขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔn
The scenting of fabrics was a high art and science for ladies of the ancient royal court, requiring delicacy and attention to every step.
ในnaiวรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiมีmiiการกล่าวถึงgaan-glàao-tʉ̌ngการอบgaan-òpร่ำrâmห้องนอนhɔ̂ng-nɔɔnของkɔ̌ɔngนางในวรรณคดีnaang-nai-wan-ná-ká-diiด้วยdûuaiเครื่องหอมkrʉ̂ʉang-hɔ̌ɔmนานาชนิดnaa-naa-chá-nítเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสร้างsâangบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatที่tîiน่าnâaอภิรมย์à-pí-rom
Thai literature mentions the act of scenting a heroine's bedroom with various aromatics to create a pleasant atmosphere.
2AdjectiveC2
perfumed by fumigation
scented through exposure to aromatic smoke or vapor
Examples
ขนมkà-nŏmขนมkà-nŏmsnack; sweet; dessertกลีบglèepกลีบglèep1petal; lobe; segment; clove; pleat2classifier: petals/segmentsลำlamลำlam1classifier: boats; ships; aircraft; rockets; some musical instruments2classifier: beams/rays of light; laser3shaft; trunk; stalk; hull/body (of boat or instrument)4beam; ray (of light)5delicious; tasty (Northern Thai)6[to] sing; chant traditional verse (Isan)ดdวนwonวนwon1[to] circle; go around; loop2[to] recur; come around again3forest; woodland (literary)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอบร่ำòp râmอบร่ำòp râm1[to] perfume [sth] with aromatic smoke/vapor (traditional fumigation)2perfumed by fumigationด้วยdûuayด้วยdûuay1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooควันkwanควันkwan1smoke; fumes2steam; vapor (loose/colloquial)เทียนtianเทียนtian1candle2aromatic medicinal seed; plant yielding such seedsจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofหอมกรุ่นhŏm grùnหอมกรุ่นhŏm grùnfragrant; aromaticเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen èek-gà-lákเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen èek-gà-lákunique; distinctiveที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerหาได้hăa dâiหาได้hăa dâi[to] be obtainable; be availableยากyâakยากyâak1difficult; hard2unlikely; hard to imagine happening3poor; impoverished (dated/formal)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สมัยนี้sà-măi néeสมัยนี้sà-măi née1nowadays; these days2the present time; current era3present-day; of today (modifier)
Kleeb Lamduan cookies scented with candle smoke until fragrant are a unique characteristic that is hard to find these days.
3 more examplesShow less
ผ้าpâaผืนpʉ̌ʉnนั้นnánอบร่ำòp-râmด้วยdûuaiกลิ่นglìnกำยานgam-yaanและlɛ́เครื่องหอมkrʉ̂ʉang-hɔ̌ɔmไทยtaiโบราณboo-raanทำให้tam-hâiหวนนึกถึงhǔuan-nʉ́k-tʉ̌ngบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatในnaiห้องพระhɔ̂ng-práของkɔ̌ɔngย่าyâa
That piece of cloth, scented with frankincense and traditional Thai aromatics, evokes memories of the atmosphere in my grandmother's prayer room.
ในnaiหีบhèepไม้máiเก่าแก่gào gàeยังyangมีmeeจดหมายรักjòt-măai rákที่têeอบร่ำòp râmกลิ่นดอกไม้glìn dòk máaiจางๆjaang jaangหลงเหลืออยู่lŏng lĕuua yòoแม้máeกาลเวลาgaan way-laaจะjàผ่านไปpàan bpaiนานแสนนานnaan săen naan
Inside the old wooden chest, there are still love letters faintly scented with floral fragrance, even though a very long time has passed.
เครื่องkrêuuangถthนิníมmพิpíมmพาpaaภรณ์ของkŏngนางในวรรณคดีnaang nai wan-ná-ká-deeมักmákถูกtòokพรรณนาpan-ná-naaว่าwâaอบร่ำòp râmกรุ่นgrùnกลิ่นglìnบุหงาbù-ngăaสsราraaญyor yĭngรมromย์สะท้อนถึงsà-tón tĕungรสนิยมrót-ní-yomอันanสูงsŏongส่งของsòng kŏngสตรีsà-dtreeในnaiราชสำนักrâat-chá-săm-nák
The traditional ornaments of ladies in classic literature are often described as being fragrantly scented with potpourri, reflecting the refined taste of women in the royal court.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -บ, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
òp
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
อบòpอบòp1[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)2[to] heat; dry with heat3baked; oven-cooked4[to] scent; fumigate; treat with steam[to] bake; roast (dry heat, enclosed)Part 1
+
ร่ำrâmร่ำrâm1repeatedly; again and again2[to] say repeatedly; [to] utter persistently3[to] perfume; [to] scentrepeatedly; again and againPart 2
อบร่ำòp-râmอบร่ำòp-râm[to] perfume [sth] with aromatic smoke/vapor (traditional fumigation)[to] perfume [sth] with aromatic smoke/vapor (traditional fumigation)Word