การอบรม
gaan-òp-romMeanings
1NounB1
training; workshop; course
organized instruction to develop skills or knowledge, such as a training session, workshop, or course
Examples
วันเสาร์นี้wan-sǎo-níiวันเสาร์นี้wan-sǎo-níithis Saturdayฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเข้าร่วมkâo-rûuamเข้าร่วมkâo-rûuam1[to] join; participate; take part; attend2[to] join as a member/party; accedeการอบรมgaan-òp-romการอบรมgaan-òp-rom1training; workshop; course2upbringing; moral training3disciplinary talk; reprimand (didactic)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporation
I have to attend the training at the company this Saturday.
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พนักงานใหม่pá-nák-ngaan-màiทุกคนtúk-konต้องdtɔ̂ngผ่านpàanการอบรมgaan-òp-romเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmปฏิบัติงานbpà-dtì-bàt-ngaan
All new employees must go through safety training before starting work.
การอบรมgaan-òp-romการใช้gaan-cháiโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์bproo-grɛɛm-kɔm-piu-dtə̂əครั้งนี้kráng-níiมีประโยชน์mii-bprà-yòotมากmâak
This computer program training session was very useful.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtลงทุนlong-tunงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâakในnaiการอบรมgaan-òp-romเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaพัฒนาpát-tá-naaทักษะták-sàของkɔ̌ɔngพนักงานpá-nák-ngaan
The company invests a large budget in training to develop employee skills.
2NounB2
upbringing; moral training
the process of teaching proper behavior, manners, and values; a person's moral upbringing
Examples
เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young; not yet grown up3young person (informal)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)พูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)ไพเราะpai-rɔ́ไพเราะpai-rɔ́melodious; pleasant-soundingแสดงว่าsà-dɛɛng-wâaแสดงว่าsà-dɛɛng-wâa1which means (that); so2[to] show/indicate thatได้รับdâi-rápได้รับdâi-ráp1[to] receive; get; obtain; be given/granted/awarded2[to] experience; be subjected to; suffer; sustain; be affected by3[to] be ...-ed (passive with ได้รับ/ได้รับการ)การอบรมgaan-òp-romการอบรมgaan-òp-rom1training; workshop; course2upbringing; moral training3disciplinary talk; reprimand (didactic)จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuafamily; householdมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerดีdiiดีdii1good; of good quality2kind; virtuous3well; nicely4gall; bile
That child speaks politely, which shows they received a good upbringing from their family.
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การอบรมสั่งสอนgaan-òp-rom-sàng-sɔ̌ɔnให้hâiลูกlûukรู้จักrúu-jàkรับผิดชอบráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpเป็นbpenหน้าที่สำคัญnâa-tîi-sǎm-kanของkɔ̌ɔngพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛ
The moral upbringing to teach a child to be responsible is an important duty of parents.
พื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanการอบรมgaan-òp-romในnaiวัยเด็กwai-dèkส่งผลต่อsòng-pǒn-dtɔ̀ɔการgaan形成ลักษณะนิสัยlák-sà-nà-ní-sǎiของkɔ̌ɔngบุคคลbùk-konเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเติบโตขึ้นdtə̀əp-dtoo-kʉ̂n
The foundation of one's upbringing in childhood affects the formation of their character when they grow up.
การอบรมgaan òp-romให้hâiเยาวชนyao-wá-chonตระหนักถึงdtrà-nàk tĕungคุณค่าkun-ná-kâaของkŏngวัฒนธรรมไทยwát-tá-ná-tam taiเป็นbpenเรื่องrêuuangที่têeต้องdtôngทำtamอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang dtò nêuuang
The process of teaching youth to realize the value of Thai culture is something that must be done continuously.
3NounB2
disciplinary talk; reprimand (didactic)
a stern talk or telling-off intended to correct behavior and teach proper conduct
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7phone call8string; strap; band9lineage; affiliation; branch10classifier for rivers and streamsทุกวันtúk-wanทุกวันtúk-wan1every day; daily2daily; occurring every dayจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofหัวหน้าhǔua-nâaหัวหน้าhǔua-nâa1boss; supervisor2leader; chiefต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเรียกrîiakเรียกrîiak1[to] call [sb/sth] (by name); name2[to] call out; summon; hail3[to] ask for; charge; demand4[to] draw attention; bring out a reactionไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyอบรมòp-romอบรมòp-rom1[to] train; instruct2(colloq.) training; training session3[to] admonish; lecture4[to] bring up; raiseชุดใหญ่chút-yàiชุดใหญ่chút-yài1large set; full combo; big portion2big time; heavily
He was late every day until the boss had to call him in for a major telling-off.
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หลังจากlǎng-jàakโดนdoonคุณย่าkun-yâaอบรมòp-romเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangมารยาทmaa-rá-yâatเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ไม่mâiกล้าglâaทำตัวtam-dtuuaแบบนั้นbɛ̀ɛp-nánอีกเลยìik-ləəi
After getting a stern talk from his grandmother about manners, he never dared to behave like that again.
การอบรมสั่งสอนgaan-òp-rom-sàng-sɔ̌ɔnของkɔ̌ɔngพ่อpɔ̂ɔในnaiวันนั้นwan-nánเป็นbpenบทเรียนbòt-riianราคาแพงraa-kaa-pɛɛngที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiเขาkǎoเปลี่ยนเป็นbplìian-bpenคนใหม่kon-mài
The telling-off from his father that day was a harsh lesson that transformed him into a new person.
ผู้จัดการpôo jàt gaanเรียกประชุมrîiak bprà-chumด่วนdùuanเพื่อpêuuaอบรมòp-romทีมขายteem kăaiที่ทำtêe tamยอดyôtไม่ถึงmâi tĕungเป้าbpâoซึ่งsêungบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatในnaiห้องประชุมhông bprà-chumตึงเครียดdteung krîatมากmâak
The manager called an urgent meeting to give the sales team a dressing-down for not meeting their targets, and the atmosphere in the room was very tense.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
การอบgaan-òpการอบgaan-òp1baking/roasting (dry heat in an oven or enclosed space)2sauna/herbal steaming3heat treatment; drying/curing by heat4fumigation/perfuming by smokebaking/roasting (dry heat in an oven or enclosed space)Part 1
+
รมromรมrom1[to] fumigate; smoke-treat2fumigation; smoking (process)3[to] chemically darken (metal); patinate[to] fumigate; smoke-treatPart 2
การอบรมgaan-òp-romการอบรมgaan-òp-romtraining; workshop; coursetraining; workshop; courseWord