จัณฑาล
jan-taanMeanings
1NounC1
untouchable; outcaste; despised person
a person outside or at the bottom of the traditional Hindu caste system; also used for a person looked down on as low or despicable
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ระบบrá-bòpระบบrá-bòpsystem; organized methodวรรณะwan-náวรรณะwan-ná1complexion; skin tone2caste; social class (Hindu varna)3color; hue (formal)4category; kind (formal/learned)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffอินเดียin-diiaอินเดียin-diia1India (country)2Indian; relating to India3an Indian (person)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)จัณฑาลjan-taanจัณฑาลjan-taan1untouchable; outcaste; despised person2vile; despicable; baseจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)อยู่ในyùu-naiอยู่ในyùu-nai[to] be in [somewhere]ชนชั้นchon-chánชนชั้นchon-chánsocial class; stratumที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerต่ำdtàmต่ำdtàm1low; not high2low-class; inferior; base3low-pitched; low (voice/tone)ที่สุดtîi-sùtที่สุดtîi-sùt1most; -est (superlative)2very; extremely (colloquial)3in the end; ultimately
In India's caste system, people who are Chandalas are in the lowest class.
3 more examplesShow less
แม้แต่mɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛในnaiยุคปัจจุบันyúk-bpàt-jù-banผู้ที่pûu-tîiเกิดมาgə̀ət-maaในnaiวรรณะwan-náจัณฑาลjan-taanก็gɔ̂ยังคงyang-kongเผชิญกับpà-chəən-gàpการgaanถูกtùukรังเกียจrang-gìiatในnaiบางbaangพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi
Even in the present era, those born into the Chandala caste still face discrimination in some areas.
รัฐธรรมนูญrát tam-má-noonของkŏngประเทศbprà-têetได้dâiยกเลิกyók-lêrkการแบ่งแยกgaan bàeng yâekวรรณะwan-náอย่างเป็นทางการyàang bpen taang gaanแล้วláeoแต่dtàeตราบาปdtraa bàapทางสังคมtaang săng-komที่têeมีmeeต่อdtòคนkonวรรณะwan-náจัณฑาลjan-taanก็gâwยังคงyang kongฝังรากลึกfăng râak lúekในnaiชุมชนชนบทchum-chon chon-ná-bòt
The country's constitution has officially abolished caste segregation, yet the social stigma against the Chandala caste remains deeply rooted in rural communities.
ในnaiหน้าnâaประวัติศาสตร์bprà-wàt-dtì-sàatคนkonวรรณะwan-náจัณฑาลjan-taanมักจะmák-jàถูกtùukบังคับbang-kápให้hâiทำงานtam-ngaanที่tîiสกปรกsòk-gà-bpròkที่สุดtîi-sùtและlɛ́ถูกtùukสั่งsàngห้ามhâamอย่างเด็ดขาดyàang-dèt-kàatไม่ให้mâi-hâiเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-naiศาสนสถานsàat-sà-ná-sà-tǎan
Historically, Chandalas were often forced to do the dirtiest jobs and were strictly forbidden from entering places of worship.
2AdjectiveC1
vile; despicable; base
morally low, vile, or despicable
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)อยากจะyàak-jàอยากจะyàak-jà[to] want to; would like toเชื่อchʉ̂ʉaเชื่อchʉ̂ʉa1to believe [sth/sb]2to trust; have faith in3to believe in (religion/ideology)4[to] heed; obey [sb]5on creditเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; she; him; her2they; them (context-dependent)3horn4mountain; hillจะมีjà-miiจะมีjà-miithere will be; [to] have (in the future)ใจjaiใจjai1heart; mind; feelings; spirit2kindness; compassion; generosity3courage; spirit; morale4intention; will; willingness5core; essence (in compounds)จัณฑาลjan-taanจัณฑาลjan-taan1untouchable; outcaste; despised person2vile; despicable; baseทำเรื่องtam-rʉ̂ʉangทำเรื่องtam-rʉ̂ʉang1[to] handle official business2[to] cause trouble; [to] make a fussเลวร้ายleeo-ráaiเลวร้ายleeo-ráaiterrible; very badกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)เพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2companion; peer (classmate, colleague)ของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengone's ownได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerลงคอlong-kɔɔลงคอlong-kɔɔ1[to] go down the throat; be able to swallow [sth]2[to] bring oneself to do [sth]; have the heart to do [sth]
I can't believe he would have such a vile heart to do something so terrible to his own friends.
3 more examplesShow less
ตัวร้ายdtuua-ráaiในnaiนิยายní-yaaiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiมีmiiสันดานsǎn-daanจัณฑาลjan-taanและlɛ́ไร้ซึ่งrái-sʉ̂ngความเห็นอกเห็นใจkwaam-hěn-òk-hěn-jaiผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉn
The villain in this novel has a despicable nature and a total lack of empathy for others.
การเอารัดเอาเปรียบgaan-ao-rát-ao-bprìiapผู้ที่pûu-tîiอ่อนแอɔ̀ɔn-ɛɛกว่าgwàaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaผลประโยชน์ส่วนตนpǒn-bprà-yòot-sùuan-dtonถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenการกระทำgaan-grà-tamของkɔ̌ɔngคนkonใจjaiจัณฑาลjan-taanที่tîiสังคมsǎng-komควรkuuanประณามbprà-naam
Exploiting the vulnerable for personal gain is the act of a despicable person that society should condemn.
เขาkǎoซ่อนเร้นsɔ̂ɔn-réenสันดานsǎn-daanจัณฑาลjan-taanของkɔ̌ɔngตนdtonไว้wáiภายใต้paai-dtâaiฉากหน้าchàak-nâaของkɔ̌ɔngนักบุญnák-bunซึ่งsʉ̂ngทำให้tam-hâiทุกคนtúk-konรอบตัวrɔ̂ɔp-dtuuaหลงเชื่อlǒng-chʉ̂ʉaอย่างyàangสนิทใจsà-nìt-jai
He concealed his despicable nature behind the facade of a saint, completely deceiving everyone around him.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is จัณฑาล said จัณ-ทาน?
jan-taan
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |