พูด

聊天；交談

Usually suggests informal conversation with someone rather than speaking in general.

交談；討論

More formal and emphasizes conversation between people rather than speech production generally.

說；說話（伊善方言）

說話；講（泰北方言）

說；告訴

As a verb, commonly presents what someone says rather than describing the act of speaking.

提及；說出；說

Focuses on voicing particular words or mentioning something, often briefly.

說；陳述；提及（正式）

說話；發言（王室或佛陀敬語）

告訴；通知

Emphasizes conveying information directly to a recipient; it can also refer to written communication.

告訴；講述；敘述

Presents information as an account or narrative, typically of events or experiences.

告知；通知；報告；申報

Typically conveys specific information as a notification or report, often in an official context.