อุปาธิ
ù-bpaa-tíMeanings
1NounC2
limiting condition; qualification
a limiting condition or qualification; a factor that restricts or qualifies something
Examples
ข้อเสนอkôr sà-nĕrข้อเสนอkôr sà-nĕr1proposal; suggestion2offer; bid (business)ทางปรัชญาtaang bpràt-yaaทางปรัชญาtaang bpràt-yaa1philosophical; relating to philosophy2philosophically; in philosophical termsนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ถือเป็นtĕu bpenถือเป็นtĕu bpen1[to] be considered; be regarded; count as2[to] constitute; amount toความจริงkwaam jingความจริงkwaam jing1truth; fact2actually; in fact; to tell the truthที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakปราศจากbpràat-sà-jàakwithout; free ofอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíอุปาธิù-bpaa-tí1limiting condition; qualification2attachment; clingingหรือrĕuหรือrĕu1or (choice/alternative)2or?; really? (question/finality particle)เงื่อนไขngêuuan kăiเงื่อนไขngêuuan kăi1condition; requirement2terms; provisions3constraint; limitationใดๆdai daiใดๆdai dai1any; whatsoever2anything; whatever thing(s) (formal/literary)3at all; whatsoeverมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerจำกัดjam-gàtจำกัดjam-gàt1[to] limit; restrict2limited; restricted3Ltd.; limited (company)
This philosophical proposition is considered a truth free from any limiting conditions or qualifications.
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ทฤษฎีtrít-sà-diiนี้níiตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuบนbonอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíหลายlǎaiประการbprà-gaanซึ่งsʉ̂ngอาจàatทำให้tam-hâiการนำไปใช้gaan-nam-bpai-cháiในnaiสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanจริงjingมีmiiข้อจำกัดkɔ̂ɔ-jam-gàt
This theory is based on several limiting conditions, which may restrict its application in real-world situations.
ในทางnai-taangตรรกวิทยาdtàk-gà-wít-tá-yaaอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíคือkʉʉเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiหรือrʉ̌ʉข้อจำกัดkɔ̂ɔ-jam-gàtที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panระหว่างrá-wàangเหตุhèetและlɛ́ผลpǒnเปลี่ยนแปลงbplìian-bplɛɛngไปbpai
In logic, an 'upadhi' (limiting condition) is a stipulation that alters the relationship between cause and effect.
นักปรัชญาnák-bpràt-yaaชี้ให้เห็นchíi-hâi-hěnว่าwâaการรับรู้gaan-ráp-rúuความจริงkwaam-jingของkɔ̌ɔngมนุษย์má-nútมักmákถูกtùukบิดเบือนbìt-bʉʉanด้วยdûuaiอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíทางtaangภาษาpaa-sǎaและlɛ́วัฒนธรรมwát-tá-ná-tamที่tîiหล่อหลอมlɔ̀ɔ-lɔ̌ɔmเราraoมาmaa
Philosophers point out that human perception of reality is often distorted by the linguistic and cultural conditions that have shaped us.
2NounC2
attachment; clinging
attachment, clinging, or defilement (especially in Buddhist philosophy)
Examples
การฝึกสมาธิgaan fùek sà-maa-tíการฝึกสมาธิgaan fùek sà-maa-tímeditation practice; concentration trainingช่วยให้chûuai hâiช่วยให้chûuai hâi[to] enable; help [sb/sth] (to) do [sth]; make [sth] possible/easierจิตใจสงบjìt jai sà-ngòpจิตใจสงบjìt jai sà-ngòp1calm; tranquil (in mind)2calm mind; peaceful mindและláeและláeand (coordinating)ลดlótลดlót1[to] reduce; decrease; lessen; drop2[to] lower (price); discount; mark down3[to] lower [sth]อุปาธิù-bpaa-tíอุปาธิù-bpaa-tí1limiting condition; qualification2attachment; clingingที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerทำให้เกิดtam hâi gèrtทำให้เกิดtam hâi gèrt[to] cause; bring about; give rise to; lead toความทุกข์kwaam túkความทุกข์kwaam túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)ได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
Practicing meditation helps calm the mind and reduce the defilements that cause suffering.
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ผู้ปฏิบัติธรรมpôo bpà-dtì-bàt tamย่อมyômมุ่งหวังmûng wăngที่จะtêe jàชำระล้างcham-rá láangอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíในใจnai jaiเพื่อpêuuaเข้าถึงkâo tĕungความหลุดพ้นkwaam lùt pónจากjàakวัฏสงสารwát sŏng-săan
Dhamma practitioners naturally aim to cleanse the attachments in their minds in order to attain liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
ตราบใดที่dtràap-dai-tîiมนุษย์má-nútยังyangยึดติดyʉ́t-dtìtในnaiรูปrûupและlɛ́นามnaamตราบdtràapนั้นnánอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíก็gɔ̂จะjàยังคงyang-kongเป็นbpenเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉangร้อยรัดrɔ́ɔi-rátให้hâiเวียนว่ายตายเกิดwiian-wâai-dtaai-gə̀ət
As long as humans cling to form and name, defilements will remain the fetters that keep them in the cycle of birth and death.
พระอรหันต์prá o-rá-hănคือkeuผู้ที่pôo têeสามารถsăa-mâatละláอุปาธิù-bpaa-tíกิเลสgì-lêtได้dâiโดยสิ้นเชิงdoi sîn cherngจึงjeungไม่มีmâi meeการgaanหวนกลับhŭuan glàpมาmaaเวียนว่ายตายเกิดwiian wâai dtaai gèrtในnaiสังสารวัฏsǎng-săa-rá-wátอีกèek
An Arahant is one who has completely eradicated all defilements and attachments, and therefore will not return to the cycle of rebirth in Samsara.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is อุปาธิ said อุ-ปา-ทิ?
ù-bpaa-tí
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ù
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |