มุมกด
mum-gòtMeanings
1NounB2
angle of depression
The angle between a horizontal line through an observer's position and a downward line of sight to an object below.
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ยืนอยู่yʉʉn-yùuยืนอยู่yʉʉn-yùu[to] be standing; stand (continuously)บนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)หอคอยhɔ̌ɔ-kɔɔiหอคอยhɔ̌ɔ-kɔɔitowerและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)มองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerลงไปlong-bpaiลงไปlong-bpai1[to] go down; descend (away)2directional particle: down/into (away)3and below; downward from (a point)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเรือrʉʉaเรือrʉʉa1boat; ship; vessel2rook (chess, makruk)โดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessมุมกดmum-gòtมุมกดmum-gòt1angle of depression2high camera angle; downward viewing angleจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmแนวระดับnɛɛo-rá-dàpแนวระดับnɛɛo-rá-dàphorizontal direction; horizontal line or planeได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerสามสิบsǎam-sìpสามสิบsǎam-sìpthirty (30)องศาong-sǎaองศาong-sǎa1degree (temperature)2degree (angle)3degree; extent; level (fig.)
I stood on the tower and looked down at the boat, measuring an angle of depression of thirty degrees from the horizontal.
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ครูkruuให้เราhâi-raoหาhǎaมุมกดmum-gòtระหว่างrá-wàangแนวระดับnɛɛo-rá-dàpกับgàpแนวnɛɛoสายตาsǎai-dtaaที่tîiมองmɔɔngจากjàakหน้าผาnâa-pǎaลงไปlong-bpaiยังyangเรือrʉʉa
The teacher asked us to find the angle of depression between the horizontal and the line of sight from the cliff down to the boat.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaคนkonบนbonประภาคารbprà-paa-kaanมองmɔɔngลงไปlong-bpaiยังyangคนkonบนbonเรือrʉʉaมุมกดmum-gòtที่tîiวัดwátจากjàakแนวระดับnɛɛo-rá-dàpจะjàเท่ากับtâo-gàpมุมmumเงยngəəiที่tîiคนkonบนbonเรือrʉʉaวัดwátเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaมองmɔɔngกลับglàpขึ้นไปkʉ̂n-bpaiยังyangคนkonบนbonประภาคารbprà-paa-kaan
When someone at the top of a lighthouse looks down at a person on a boat, the angle of depression measured from the horizontal equals the angle of elevation measured by that person looking back up at the observer.
ในnaiการคำนวณgaan-kam-nuuanระยะทางrá-yá-taangจากjàakฐานtǎanหอคอยhɔ̌ɔ-kɔɔiถึงtʉ̌ngเรือrʉʉaนักเรียนnák-riianต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiมุมกดmum-gòtที่tîiวัดwátจากjàakแนวระดับnɛɛo-rá-dàpของkɔ̌ɔngผู้สังเกตpûu-sǎng-gèetไม่ใช่mâi-châiมุมmumระหว่างrá-wàangแนวnɛɛoสายตาsǎai-dtaaกับgàpผนังpà-nǎngหอคอยhɔ̌ɔ-kɔɔi
To calculate the distance from the base of the tower to the boat, students must use the angle of depression measured from the observer's horizontal line, not the angle between the line of sight and the tower wall.
2NounB2
high camera angle; downward viewing angle
In photography or filming, an angle from which the camera looks down at a subject from above.
Examples
ช่างภาพchâang-pâapช่างภาพchâang-pâapphotographerยืนyʉʉnยืนyʉʉn1[to] stand2standing; upright (posture/position)3fixed; steady; unchanged (figurative)4to be fixed; remain unchanged (figurative)บนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)บันไดban-daiบันไดban-dai1stairs; staircase2ladder3stairway (figurative path upward)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofถ่ายtàaiถ่ายtàai1[to] photograph; take a picture2[to] film; shoot video3[to] copy; duplicate4[to] defecate; poop5[to] pass; transmit; transfer6[to] broadcast; air7[to] shed; molt (feathers or hair)มุมกดmum-gòtมุมกดmum-gòt1angle of depression2high camera angle; downward viewing angleให้เห็นhâi-hěnให้เห็นhâi-hěn[to] show; [to] make [sth] visible; [to] let [sb] seeทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyโต๊ะอาหารdtó-aa-hǎanโต๊ะอาหารdtó-aa-hǎandining table
The photographer stood on a ladder to take a high-angle shot showing the entire dining table.
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ฉากchàakนี้níiถ่ายtàaiด้วยdûuaiมุมกดmum-gòtจากjàakชั้นสองchán-sɔ̌ɔngจึงjʉngเห็นhěnตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔnที่tîiยืนอยู่yʉʉn-yùuข้างล่างkâang-lâangชัดเจนchát-jeen
This scene was filmed from a high angle on the second floor, so the character standing below is clearly visible.
ผู้กำกับpûu-gam-gàpเลือกใช้lʉ̂ʉak-cháiมุมกดmum-gòtในnaiฉากchàakที่tîiตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔnถูกtùukกดดันgòt-danเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเขาkǎoดูduuตัวเล็กdtuua-lékและlɛ́ไร้ráiอำนาจam-nâatเมื่อเทียบกับmʉ̂ʉa-tîiap-gàpคนรอบข้างkon-rɔ̂ɔp-kâang
The director chose a high-angle shot for the scene in which the character is under pressure, making him look small and powerless compared with those around him.
การถ่ายgaan-tàaiมุมกดmum-gòtจากjàakระเบียงrá-biiangช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเห็นhěnการจัดวางgaan-jàt-waangร้านค้าráan-káaในnaiตลาดdtà-làatแต่dtɛ̀ɛช่างภาพchâang-pâapต้องdtɔ̂ngระวังrá-wangไม่ให้mâi-hâiราวraaoระเบียงrá-biiangบังภาพbang-pâap
Taking a high-angle shot from the balcony reveals the layout of the market stalls, but the photographer must be careful not to let the railing obstruct the image.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
mum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
กดgòtกดgòt1[to] press; push down2[to] click; tap (button/key)3[to] suppress; hold down[to] press; push downPart 2
มุมกดmum-gòtมุมกดmum-gòtangle of depressionangle of depressionWord