พรรษา
pan-săaMeanings
1NounB2
Buddhist rains-retreat year; monastic year
a year counted by the Buddhist rains-retreat (vassa); the monastic year used to indicate a monk’s seniority
Examples
พระอาจารย์prá aa-jaanพระอาจารย์prá aa-jaanVenerable teacher (Buddhist monk)รูปrôopรูปrôop1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoพรรษาpan-săaพรรษาpan-săa1Buddhist rains-retreat year; monastic year2rains-retreat; Buddhist Lent (three-month period)3classifier for years of age (royal)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousจึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ได้รับdâi rápได้รับdâi ráp1[to] receive; get; obtain; be given/granted/awarded2[to] experience; be subjected to; suffer; sustain; be affected by3[to] be ...-ed (passive with ได้รับ/ได้รับการ)ความเคารพkwaam kao-rópความเคารพkwaam kao-róp1respect; esteem; regard2deference; observance3reverence; venerationจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmศิษย์วัดsìt wátศิษย์วัดsìt wáttemple boy; lay temple helper
This monk has many monastic years and is therefore respected by the temple disciples.
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ท่านtâanเพิ่งpêrngบวชbùuatได้dâiสามsăamพรรษาpan-săaยังyangถือว่าtĕuu wâaเป็นbpenพระpráหนุ่มnùmในnaiวัดwát
He has been ordained for only three monastic years, so he is still considered a junior monk in the temple.
เมื่อmêuuaต้องdtôngจัดลำดับjàt lam dàpนั่งnângในnaiพิธีpí-teeจะjàดูdooตามdtaamพรรษาpan-săaของkŏngพระpráแต่ละdtàe láรูปrôopก่อนgòn
When arranging seating in the ceremony, they first refer to each monk’s monastic years.
พระผู้ใหญ่prá pôo yàiท่านtâanหนึ่งnèungเล่าlâoว่าwâaตอนdtonพรรษาpan-săaแรกๆrâek râekยังyangต้องdtôngเรียนรู้riian róoระเบียบวินัยrá-bìiap wí-naiหลายlăaiเรื่องrêuuang
A senior monk recounted that in his early monastic years, he still had to learn many rules of discipline.
2NounB2
rains-retreat; Buddhist Lent (three-month period)
the annual three-month Buddhist rains-retreat observed by monks; also called Buddhist Lent
Examples
ช่วงเข้าพรรษาchûuang-kâo-pan-sǎaช่วงเข้าพรรษาchûuang-kâo-pan-sǎaBuddhist Lent (Vassa)พระสงฆ์prá-sǒngพระสงฆ์prá-sǒng1the monastic order; Buddhist clergy2a monk (formal/literary)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)จำวัดjam-wátจำวัดjam-wát[to] sleep (of a Buddhist monk or novice)อยู่ที่yùu-tîiอยู่ที่yùu-tîi1[to] be at; be located at2[to] be at (a level/amount)3[to] depend on; be up toวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessเดียวdiiaoเดียวdiiaosingle; one; only; sameตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔt1throughout; continuously; all the time2throughout; along (extent/duration)สามเดือนsǎam-dʉʉanสามเดือนsǎam-dʉʉanthree months
During the Buddhist rains-retreat, monks reside at the same monastery for three months.
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ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเข้าพรรษาkâo-pan-sǎaชาวบ้านchaao-bâanมักmákเตรียมdtriiamเทียนtiianและlɛ́ดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiไปbpaiถวายtà-wǎaiพระprá
Before the rains-retreat, villagers often prepare candles and flowers to offer to monks.
งานngaanแห่hɛ̀ɛเทียนtiianเข้าพรรษาkâo-pan-sǎaเป็นประเพณีbpen-bprà-pee-niiสำคัญsǎm-kanที่tîiสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnการรักษาgaan-rák-sǎaวินัยwí-naiของkɔ̌ɔngพระสงฆ์prá-sǒngในช่วงnai-chûuangฤดูฝนrʉ́-duu-fǒn
The Candle Procession for Buddhist Lent is an important tradition reflecting monks’ observance of discipline during the rainy season.
ในช่วงnai chûuangพรรษาpan-săaพระpráจะjàงดngótการธุดงค์gaan tú-dongและláeตั้งใจdtâng jaiศึกษาsèuk-săaพระธรรมprá tamทำให้tam hâiญาติโยมyâat yohmมีโอกาสmee oo-gàatร่วมrûuamปฏิบัติธรรมbpà-dtì-bàt tamมากขึ้นmâak kêun
During the rains-retreat, monks refrain from wandering and focus on studying the Dharma, giving laypeople more opportunities to practice.
3ClassifierB2
classifier for years of age (royal)
A counting word for years of age, used when speaking about members of the royal family.
Examples
เจ้าชายjâo chaaiเจ้าชายjâo chaai1prince2Prince (title; before name)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoพระชนมายุprá-chon-ná-maa-yúพระชนมายุprá-chon-ná-maa-yúage (of a royal person)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenพรรษาpan-săaพรรษาpan-săa1Buddhist rains-retreat year; monastic year2rains-retreat; Buddhist Lent (three-month period)3classifier for years of age (royal)และláeและláeand (coordinating)ทรงsongทรงsong1shape; form2style; look (e.g., hairstyle)3[royal] to have; possess4[royal] to be; to do5(royal) honorific prefixชอบchôpชอบchôp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)วาดภาพwâat pâapวาดภาพwâat pâap1[to] draw; paint (a picture)2[to] portray (in words); paint a picture of3[to] envision; picture (in the mind)
The prince is ten years old and enjoys drawing.
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In this photograph, the princess is only six years old.
ประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonร่วมกันrûuam ganทำบุญtam bunเพื่อpêuuaถวายtà-wăaiเป็นbpenพระราชกุศลprá-râat-chá-gù-sŏnเนื่องในnêuuang naiโอกาสoh-gàatที่têeพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวprá-bàat sŏm-dèt prá-jâo yòo hŭuaทรงเจริญsong jà-rernพระชนมพรรษาprá-chon-má-pan-săaครบkrópเจ็ดสิบjèt sìpพรรษาpan-săa
People joined together in making merit in the King's honor on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.
สารคดีsăa-rá-ká-deeเล่าlâoว่าwâaเมื่อmêuuaเจ้าหญิงjâo yĭngมีmeeพระชนมายุprá-chon-ná-maa-yúสิบสองsìp sŏngพรรษาpan-săaพระองค์prá ongก็gâwเริ่มrêrmสนพระทัยsŏn prá-taiงานngaanด้านdâanสิ่งแวดล้อมsìng wâet lóm
The documentary explained that the princess began taking an interest in environmental work when she was twelve years old.