นรก
ná-rókMeanings
1NounA2
hell; infernal realm
Hell; the realm of punishment or suffering after death in various religions.
Examples
บางbaangบางbaang1some; certain2thin; slightศาสนาsàat-sà-nǎaศาสนาsàat-sà-nǎareligion; faithสอนsɔ̌ɔnสอนsɔ̌ɔn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] instruct; train [sb]3[to] admonish; give moral guidanceว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeบาปbàapบาปbàap1sin; demerit2sinful; morally wrongจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ตกนรกdtòk-ná-rókตกนรกdtòk-ná-rók1[to] go to hell; be damned2[to] be in hell; suffer intenselyหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureตายdtaaiตายdtaai1[to] die; pass away2dead3[of devices] dead; not working4be doomed; be in big trouble (informal)5extremely; utterly (intensifier, informal)
Some religions teach that sinners will fall into hell after death.
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In the past, Grandma said that liars would be punished in hell.
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiวัดwátจะjàเทศน์têetเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนรกná-rókและlɛ́สวรรค์sà-wǎnให้hâiชาวบ้านchaao-bâanฟังfang
Tomorrow the temple will preach about hell and heaven to the villagers.
เขาkǎoเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaหลังlǎngความตายkwaam-dtaaiวิญญาณwin-yaanจะjàถูกtùukพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaบาปบุญbàap-bunแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngไปbpaiสวรรค์sà-wǎnหรือrʉ̌ʉนรกná-rókตามdtaamกรรมgam
He believes that after death, the soul will be judged for merits and sins, and then go to heaven or hell according to karma.
2NounB1
place/state of extreme suffering
A horrible or unbearable place or situation; a state of great suffering.
Examples
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)ไฟดับfai-dàpไฟดับfai-dàp1power outage; blackout2[of power/lights] go out; cut outทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉnทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉn1all night; the whole night2the entire nightในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)หน้าร้อนnâa-rɔ́ɔnหน้าร้อนnâa-rɔ́ɔnhot season; summerห้องhɔ̂ngห้องhɔ̂ng1room2classifier: roomsก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerกลายเป็นglaai-bpenกลายเป็นglaai-bpen1[to] become; turn into [sth]2[to] turn out (to be) [sth/that]นรกná-rókนรกná-rók1hell; infernal realm2place/state of extreme suffering3hellish; infernal (attributive)สำหรับsǎm-ràpสำหรับsǎm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)
When the power went out all night in the summer, the room became a hell for me.
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เขาkǎoบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanกะดึกgà-dʉ̀kต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangทั้งสัปดาห์táng-sàp-daaเป็นbpenนรกná-rókที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiหมดแรงmòt-rɛɛngและlɛ́ไม่มีmâi-miiเวลาwee-laaพักpák
He said working night shifts all week is a hell that drains his energy and leaves no time to rest.
ระหว่างrá-wàangติดอยู่dtìt-yùuในรถnai-rótไฟfaiที่tîiแน่นnɛ̂nจนjonหายใจไม่ออกhǎai-jai-mâi-ɔ̀ɔkฉันchǎnรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanอยู่ในyùu-naiนรกná-rókบนดินbon-dinและlɛ́อยากyàakหนีnǐiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiทันทีtan-tii
While stuck on a train so crowded I couldn’t breathe, I felt like I was in a living hell and wanted to escape immediately.
สำหรับsǎm-ràpผู้ลี้ภัยpûu-líi-paiที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngข้ามkâamชายแดนchaai-dɛɛnท่ามกลางtâam-glaangความkwaamหนาวnǎaoและlɛ́ความหิวkwaam-hǐuความไม่แน่นอนkwaam-mâi-nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔnทุกคืนtúk-kʉʉnคือkʉʉนรกná-rókที่tîiยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉaไม่รู้mâi-rúuจบjòp
For refugees crossing the border amid cold and hunger, the nightly uncertainty is an unending hell.
3AdjectiveB2
hellish; infernal (attributive)
Attributive: used to describe something extremely bad or torturous (e.g., hellish heat, hellish traffic).
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnhot weatherนรกná-rókนรกná-rók1hell; infernal realm2place/state of extreme suffering3hellish; infernal (attributive)จนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3[to] lead out to; extend toข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔkข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔk1outside; outdoors2the outside; exteriorไม่ไหวmâi-wǎiไม่ไหวmâi-wǎi[to] be unable (to [do sth]); cannotเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
Today the heat is hellish, so I can’t even go outside.
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The traffic was hellish; by the time I got home, it was already evening.
เสียงsǐiangก่อสร้างgɔ̀ɔ-sâangดังdangนรกná-rókทั้งวันtáng-wanทำให้tam-hâiฉันchǎnปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔuaและlɛ́ทำงานtam-ngaanไม่รู้เรื่องmâi-rúu-rʉ̂ʉang
The construction noise was hellish all day, giving me a headache and making it hard to work.
ตารางงานdtaa-raang-ngaanนรกná-rókแบบนี้bɛ̀ɛp-níiทำให้tam-hâiไม่มีmâi-miiเวลาพักผ่อนwee-laa-pák-pɔ̀ɔnและlɛ́สุขภาพsùk-kà-pâapเริ่มrə̂əmพังpang
This hellish schedule leaves no time to rest and my health is starting to deteriorate.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is นรก said นะ-รก?
ná-rók
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
ná
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |