อุปาทาน
ù-bpaa-taanMeanings
1NounC1
clinging; attachment (Buddhism)
in Buddhism, grasping or clinging to sense-pleasures, views, rites and rituals, or the idea of self, considered a cause of suffering.
Examples
พระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanพระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanVenerable teacher (Buddhist monk)อธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai[to] explain; clarifyว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanอุปาทานù-bpaa-taan1clinging; attachment (Buddhism)2imagined belief; autosuggestionคือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.การยึดมั่นถือมั่นgaan-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mânการยึดมั่นถือมั่นgaan-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mânattachment; clinging; stubborn adherenceจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeให้ใจhâi-jaiให้ใจhâi-jai1[to] be supportive; show loyalty2[to] open your heart to [sb]; be emotionally investedเป็นทุกข์bpen-túkเป็นทุกข์bpen-túk[to] be unhappy; [to] suffer
The monk explained that upādāna is clinging, which causes the mind to suffer.
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การปล่อยวางgaan-bplɔ̀i-waangความเห็นkwaam-hěnของkɔ̌ɔngตนdtonช่วยchûuaiลดlótอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanต่อdtɔ̀ɔทิฏฐิtít-tìและlɛ́ทำให้tam-hâiสื่อสารsʉ̀ʉ-sǎanกันganได้ดีขึ้นdâai-dii-kʉ̂n
Letting go of one's own views reduces clinging to opinions and improves communication.
ในทางnai-taangพุทธpútอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanสี่sìiได้แก่dâai-gɛ̀ɛความยึดติดkwaam-yʉ́t-dtìtในnaiกามgaamทิฏฐิtít-tìศีลพรตsǐin-prótและlɛ́อัตตาàt-dtaaซึ่งsʉ̂ngล้วนlúuanเป็นเหตุให้bpen-hèet-hâiเวียนว่ายwiian-wâaiอยู่ในyùu-naiทุกข์túk
In Buddhism, the four types of upādāna—clinging to sense-pleasures, views, rites and rituals, and self—are causes for remaining in suffering.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเห็นhěnไตรลักษณ์dtrai-lákอย่างyàangแจ่มชัดjɛ̀m-chátอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanต่อdtɔ̀ɔรูปนามrûup-naamย่อมyɔ̂mคลายklaaiลงlongเปิดช่องbpə̀ət-chɔ̂ngให้ปัญญาhâi-bpan-yaaทำงานtam-ngaanแทนtɛɛnความยึดติดkwaam-yʉ́t-dtìt
When the three characteristics are clearly seen, clinging to body and mind loosens, allowing wisdom to operate instead of attachment.
2NounC1
imagined belief; autosuggestion
a belief or perception produced by one's own expectations or imagination and taken to be real, rather than a deliberate fabrication
Examples
หลายคนlǎai-konหลายคนlǎai-konmany/several peopleเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâa[to] believe (that) ...ตึกdtʉ̀kตึกdtʉ̀kbuilding (of masonry or concrete)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoผีpǐiผีpǐi1ghost; spirit2corpse; dead body3addict; fiend (in ผีพนัน, ผีเหล้า)แต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)บางทีbaang-tiiบางทีbaang-tii1sometimes; at times2maybe; perhaps (informal)อาจàatอาจàat1may; might (possibility)2possibly; perhaps3able; capable (literary/formal)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)แค่kɛ̂ɛแค่kɛ̂ɛ1only; just2up to; as far as; only as much asอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanอุปาทานù-bpaa-taan1clinging; attachment (Buddhism)2imagined belief; autosuggestionจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmเรื่องเล่าrʉ̂ʉang-lâoเรื่องเล่าrʉ̂ʉang-lâostory; narrative; accountปากต่อปากbpàak-dtɔ̀ɔ-bpàakปากต่อปากbpàak-dtɔ̀ɔ-bpàakby word of mouth
Many people believe this building is haunted, but it might just be an illusion from hearsay.
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ภาพเงาpâap-ngaoที่tîiเห็นhěnตรงหน้าdtrong-nâaต่างdtàangอาจàatเป็นbpenอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanเพราะprɔ́กล้องวงจรปิดglɔ̂ng-wong-jɔɔn-bpìtไม่พบmâi-pópอะไรà-raiผิดปกติpìt-bpòk-gà-dtì
The shadow seen at the window may be an illusion, since the CCTV found nothing unusual.
เขาkǎoยอมรับyɔɔm-rápว่าwâaความรู้สึกkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀kถูกtùukจับตามองjàp-dtaa-mɔɔngนั้นnánน่าจะเป็นnâa-jà-bpenอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanมากกว่าmâak-gwàaจะมีjà-miiหลักฐานlàk-tǎanรองรับrɔɔng-ráp
He admitted that the feeling of being watched was likely an imagined perception rather than something supported by evidence.
กระแสข่าวgrà-sɛ̌ɛ-kàaoลือlʉʉในnaiโซเชียลsoo-chiianทำให้tam-hâiคนkonจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâakหลงเชื่อlǒng-chʉ̂ʉaอุปาทานù-bpaa-taanร่วมrûuamจนjonตื่นตระหนกdtʉ̀ʉn-dtrà-nòkเกินgəənเหตุhèet
Social media rumors led many to believe in a collective illusion, causing undue panic.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ù
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |