ขมา
kà-maaMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] ask pardon; make ritual amends
to ask for pardon or perform a respectful, often religious or ceremonial act to make amends (e.g., ทำพิธีขมา, ขมากรรม)
Examples
หลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)พูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)ล่วงเกินlûuang-gəənล่วงเกินlûuang-gəən1[to] offend; show disrespect2[to] overstep; behave improperly (toward [sb])เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maaขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maa[to] ask [sb] for forgiveness; make a formal apologyพระที่prá-tîiพระที่prá-tîimonks’ quarters; monks’ living areaวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ตั้งใจdtâng-jaiตั้งใจdtâng-jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ปรับปรุงตัวbpràp-bprung-dtuuaปรับปรุงตัวbpràp-bprung-dtuua[to] improve oneself
After speaking disrespectfully, he went to ask the monk for pardon at the temple and resolved to improve himself.
3 more examplesShow less
เธอtəəกราบgràapขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maaต่อdtɔ̀ɔพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛในnaiวันwanไหว้ครูwâi-kruuเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขอโทษkɔ̌ɔ-tôotที่tîiเคยkəəiทำให้tam-hâiท่านtânเสียใจsǐia-jai
She bowed to ask her parents for pardon on Teachers’ Day to apologize for having made them sad.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanทำพิธีtam-pí-tiiขมาkà-maaป่าbpàaก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàเริ่มrə̂əmตัดไม้dtàt-máaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaแสดงsà-dɛɛngความเคารพkwaam-kao-rópต่อdtɔ̀ɔธรรมชาติtam-má-châat
Villagers performed a forest-pardoning ritual before starting to cut trees to show respect for nature.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtจัดพิธีjàt-pí-tiiขมาkà-maaเจ้าที่jâao-tîiในnaiพื้นที่ก่อสร้างpʉ́ʉn-tîi-gɔ̀ɔ-sâangหวังwǎngให้hâiการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanราบรื่นrâap-rʉ̂ʉnและlɛ́ปลอดภัยbplɔ̀ɔt-pai
The company held a ritual to ask the land spirits for pardon at the construction site, hoping for smooth and safe operations.
2NounC1
forgiveness; pardon
forgiveness or pardon for an offense, especially in the expression ขอขมาขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maa[to] ask [sb] for forgiveness; make a formal apology, to ask forgiveness
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maaขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maa[to] ask [sb] for forgiveness; make a formal apologyพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛparentsที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)พูดจาpûut-jaaพูดจาpûut-jaa[to] speak; talk (how one speaks)รุนแรงrun-rɛɛngรุนแรงrun-rɛɛng1violent; severe; intense2violently; severely; intenselyและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)สัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeอีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)
He asked his parents' forgiveness for speaking harshly to them and promised not to do it again.
3 more examplesShow less
หลังจากlǎng-jàakรู้rúuว่าwâaตนdtonเข้าใจkâo-jaiครูkruuผิดpìtเธอtəəจึงjʉngไปพบbpai-pópครูkruuเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maaที่tîiเคยkəəiกล่าวหาglàao-hǎaโดยdooiไม่มีmâi-miiหลักฐานlàk-tǎan
After realizing she had misunderstood her teacher, she went to ask forgiveness for making an accusation without evidence.
แม้mɛ́ɛเวลาwee-laaจะjàล่วงเลยlûuang-ləəiมาmaaหลายlǎaiปีbpiiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kติดค้างdtìt-káangที่tîiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiขอขมาkɔ̌ɔ-kà-maaผู้pûuมีmiiพระคุณprá-kunซึ่งsʉ̂ngตนdtonเคยkəəiล่วงเกินlûuang-gəən
Although many years had passed, he still felt troubled that he had never asked forgiveness from the benefactor he had wronged.
การขอgaan-kɔ̌ɔขมาkà-maaจะjàมีความหมายmii-kwaam-mǎaiก็ต่อเมื่อgɔ̂-dtɔ̀ɔ-mʉ̂ʉaผู้กระทำผิดpûu-grà-tam-pìtยอมรับyɔɔm-rápความเสียหายkwaam-sǐia-hǎaiที่tîiตนdtonก่อขึ้นgɔ̀ɔ-kʉ̂nมิใช่mí-châiเพียงpiiangกล่าวglàaoถ้อยคำtɔ̂ɔi-kamเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangยุติyú-dtì
Asking forgiveness is meaningful only when the wrongdoer acknowledges the harm they have caused, rather than merely saying the words to put an end to the matter.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ขมา said ขะ-มา?
kà-maa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
kà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |