เจียน
jiianMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] trim; pare; whittle
To cut thin slices or small amounts from the edge or surface to make something neater, smoother, or smaller.
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseเจียนjiianเจียนjiian1[to] trim; pare; whittle2on the verge of; near toขอบกระดาษkɔ̀ɔp-grà-dàatขอบกระดาษkɔ̀ɔp-grà-dàatmargin; edge of a paperออกɔ̀ɔkออกɔ̀ɔk1[to] go out; exit; leave2out; outward3[in sports] out of bounds4[to] come out; appear; be issued5[to] produce; emit; put out6[to] pay; spend; disburse7[to] quit; resign8[to] issue; publish9successfully; out (indicating comprehension or discovery)นิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀iนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀i1a little; a bit2a small amountเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7shiny; glossy8creamy; rich (texture/taste)เรียบrîiapเรียบrîiap1smooth; even; flat2plain; unadorned3neat; orderly; trim4completely; all gone5quiet; subdued (tone/style)6[to] be smooth; be even; lie flatและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)สวยขึ้นsǔuai-kʉ̂nสวยขึ้นsǔuai-kʉ̂n[to] become more beautiful
Mom trimmed a little off the edge of the paper to make it smoother and nicer.
3 more examplesShow less
ช่างไม้châng-máaiเจียนjiianมุมmumโต๊ะdtóให้hâiโค้งkóongนิดเดียวnít-diiaoเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiคมkomบาดมือbàat-mʉʉ
The carpenter pared the table corner slightly to keep the sharp edge from cutting hands.
ช่างตัดผมchâng-dtàt-pǒmเจียนjiianไรผมrai-pǒmรอบrɔ̂ɔpคอkɔɔอย่างประณีตyàang-bprà-nîitเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiทรงผมsong-pǒmดูduuเนียนniianและlɛ́เป็นระเบียบbpen-rá-bìiap
The barber carefully trimmed the hairline around the neck so the hairstyle looks smooth and neat.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเคลือบklʉ̂ʉapแล็กเกอร์lɛ́k-gə̂əเขาkǎoเจียนjiianผิวไม้pǐu-máaiให้hâiบางbaangและlɛ́เสมอกันsà-mə̌ə-ganเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขจัดkà-jàtรอยrɔɔiขรุขระkrù-kràและlɛ́ทำให้tam-hâiผิวงานpǐu-ngaanละเอียดlá-ìiatขึ้นkʉ̂n
Before applying lacquer, he shaved the wood surface thin and even to remove rough spots and refine the finish.
2AdjectiveC1
on the verge of; near to
Almost at the point of something happening, often something extreme or unpleasant; nearly.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉai1tired; exhausted2[to] get tired; become tired3tiring; exhaustingเจียนjiianเจียนjiian1[to] trim; pare; whittle2on the verge of; near toล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; toppleหลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)วิ่งมาราธอนwîng-maa-raa-tɔɔnวิ่งมาราธอนwîng-maa-raa-tɔɔn1[to] run a marathon2marathon running
He was exhausted, almost to the point of collapsing, after the marathon.
3 more examplesShow less
The traffic was so bad that I was on the verge of missing the important meeting.
The thunder was so loud that the children were nearly in tears.
หลังlǎngเจอjəəข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám-lɛ́ɛo-sám-lâoเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂เครียดkrîiatเจียนjiianขาดใจkàat-jai
After receiving bad news repeatedly, he was stressed almost to the point of breaking down.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jiian
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |