ขรุขระ
krù-kràMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
rough; uneven; bumpy
Having an irregular, non-smooth surface with bumps or protrusions.
Examples
ผิวหินpǐu-hǐnผิวหินpǐu-hǐn1stone/rock surface2stone finish; stone-textured surfaceก้อนgɔ̂ɔnก้อนgɔ̂ɔn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ขรุขระkrù-kràขรุขระkrù-krà1rough; uneven; bumpy2uneven/irregular (figurative)จับjàpจับjàp1[to] hold; grasp2[to] touch; feel3[to] catch; seize; capture4[to] arrest5[to] detect; pick up; sense6[to] attack; come on (of fever)7[to] settle on; stick to a surfaceแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)สากsàakสากsàak1pestle2coarse; rough (to the touch)3uncultured; blunt [figurative]มือmʉʉมือmʉʉ1hand2skill; level; expertise3classifier: players in certain gambling games4doer; agent5round; turn (card games)
The surface of this rock is rough; it feels coarse to the touch.
3 more examplesShow less
The old wall is bumpy because the plaster has peeled off in patches.
This glass has a jagged rim; you must be careful when drinking.
พื้นโต๊ะpéuun dtóไม้máiยังyangขรุขระkrù-kràจากjàakเสี้ยนsîianจึงjeungต้องdtôngขัดkàtด้วยdûuayกระดาษทรายgrà-dàat saaiก่อนgònลงlongแลคเกอร์láek-gêr
The wooden tabletop is still uneven with splinters, so it needs sanding before applying lacquer.
2AdjectiveB2
uneven/irregular (figurative)
Irregular or not smooth in progress or form, suggesting difficulty or lack of consistency (e.g., a rough road, uneven process).
Examples
แผนงานpăen ngaanแผนงานpăen ngaan1work plan; project plan2program plan; schemeช่วงแรกchûuang râekช่วงแรกchûuang râek1initial period; early stage2at first; initiallyดำเนินไปdam-nern bpaiดำเนินไปdam-nern bpai[to] proceed; progress; be underway; take placeอย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4like; as; such as5in the manner of; -lyขรุขระkrù-kràขรุขระkrù-krà1rough; uneven; bumpy2uneven/irregular (figurative)มีปัญหาmee bpan-hăaมีปัญหาmee bpan-hăa[to] have a problem; there is a problemเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightๆ-น้อยnóiน้อยnói1few; little; small (amount/number)2less; to a lesser degree3young; junior (name/title use)4seldom; rarelyๆ-ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)แก้gâeแก้gâe1[to] fix; solve; correct2[to] undo; unfasten; untie3[to] take off (clothes)4[to] edit; revise; amend5[to] remedy; treat; counteractตลอดdtà-lòtตลอดdtà-lòt1throughout; continuously; all the time2throughout; along (extent/duration)
The initial phase of the plan proceeded unevenly, with minor issues to fix all along.
3 more examplesShow less
การเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaยังyangขรุขระkrù-kràเพราะprɔ́ทั้งtángสองsɔ̌ɔngฝ่ายfàaiยังyangไม่mâiเชื่อใจchʉ̂ʉa-jaiกันgan
The negotiations are still rough, because both sides do not yet trust each other.
เศรษฐกิจsèet-tà-gìtฟื้นfʉ́ʉnตัวแบบdtuua-bɛ̀ɛpขรุขระkrù-kràบางbaangอุตสาหกรรมùt-sǎa-hà-gamเติบโตdtə̀əp-dtooแต่dtɛ̀ɛบางส่วนbaang-sùuanยังyangซบเซาsóp-sao
The economy is recovering unevenly; some industries are growing while others remain sluggish.
เส้นทางsên-taangสู่sùuการปฏิรูปgaan-bpà-dtì-rûupยังyangขรุขระkrù-kràเต็มไปด้วยdtem-bpai-dûuaiอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkเชิงโครงสร้างchəəng-kroong-sâangและlɛ́ความขัดแย้งkwaam-kàt-yɛ́ɛngทางtaangผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòot
The path to reform remains uneven, filled with structural obstacles and conflicts of interest.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classConsonant clusterIn the cluster ขร, the first consonant ข sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
krù
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |