ระทม
rá-tomMeanings
1AdjectiveC1
sorrowful; anguished; grief-stricken
Characterized by deep sorrow, anguish, or misery; grief-stricken.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerเธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooใบหน้าbai-nâaใบหน้าbai-nâafaceที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerระทมทุกข์rá-tom-túkระทมทุกข์rá-tom-túk1[to] suffer great misery; be in deep pain or unhappiness2deeply miserable; anguishedหลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)ได้ยินdâi-yinได้ยินdâi-yin1[to] hear2[to] hear of; be told; learn (by hearing)ข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaibad news
He looked at her with a grief-stricken face after hearing the bad news.
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ชีวิตchii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngนางในวรรณคดีnaang-nai-wan-ná-ká-diiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนั้นnánช่างchângเต็มไปด้วยdtem-bpai-dûuaiความkwaamระทมrá-tomขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnจากjàakการสูญเสียgaan-sǔun-sǐiaคนรักkon-rák
The life of the heroine in that literary work was full of bitter sorrow from the loss of her lover.
บทเพลงbòt-pleengบรรเลงban-leengท่วงทำนองtûuang-tam-nɔɔngอันanแสนsɛ̌ɛnระทมrá-tomสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnความปวดร้าวkwaam-bpùuat-ráaoของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ประพันธ์pûu-bprà-panที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngพลัดพรากplát-prâakจากjàakบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ət
The music played a deeply sorrowful melody, reflecting the composer's anguish of being separated from his homeland.
แม้máeจะjàประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp kwaam săm-rètอย่างสูงyàang sŏongแต่dtàeในใจnai jaiลึกๆléuk léukเขาkăoกลับglàpมีmeeความรู้สึกkwaam róo-sèukระทมrá-tomซ่อนอยู่sôn yòoซึ่งsêungเกิดจากgèrt jàakปมbpomในnaiวัยเด็กwai dèkที่têeยังyangไม่mâiคลี่คลายklêe klaai
Despite achieving great success, deep down he harbored a hidden sense of anguish, stemming from an unresolved childhood trauma.
2VerbC1
[to] be sorrowful; suffer misery
To suffer deep sorrow, anguish, or misery, often due to disappointment or loss.
Examples
คุณยายkun-yaaiคุณยายkun-yaaimaternal grandmother; respectful term for an elderly womanยังคงyang-kongยังคงyang-kongstill; [to] remain; [to] continue to be/have/doระทมใจrá-tom-jaiระทมใจrá-tom-jai1[to] feel deep sadness; be heartsick2very sad; heartsickเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสุนัขsù-nákสุนัขsù-nákdog (formal)ตัวโปรดdtuua-bpròotตัวโปรดdtuua-bpròotfavorite one (animal, character, garment, etc.)หายไปhǎai-bpaiหายไปhǎai-bpai1[to] disappear; vanish2[to] be missing; be gone3[to] subside; wear off4[to] go silent; drop out of contact (informal)
Grandma is still heartbroken over her favorite dog going missing.
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หลังจากlǎng-jàakบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtล้มละลายlóm-lá-laaiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ต้องdtɔ̂ngระทมทุกข์rá-tom-túkอยู่yùuหลายlǎaiปีbpiiเพราะprɔ́หนี้สินnîi-sǐnและlɛ́ความล้มเหลวkwaam-lóm-lěeo
After the company went bankrupt, he had to suffer misery for many years because of debt and failure.
ดวงใจduuang-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngนางระทมnaang-rá-tomยิ่งนักyîng-nákเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaต้องdtɔ̂ngเห็นhěnคนรักkon-rákแต่งงานdtɛ̀ng-ngaanกับgàpหญิงyǐngอื่นʉ̀ʉnต่อหน้าต่อตาdtɔ̀ɔ-nâa-dtɔ̀ɔ-dtaa
Her heart was in utter anguish as she had to watch her beloved marry another woman right before her eyes.
เขาkǎoแสร้งทำเป็นsɛ̂ɛng-tam-bpenร่าเริงrâa-rəəngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaปกปิดbpòk-bpìtความจริงkwaam-jingที่ว่าtîi-wâaตนdtonกำลังgam-langระทมrá-tomอย่างหนักyàang-nàkกับgàpโชคชะตาchôok-chá-dtaaที่tîiผันผวนpǎn-pǔuan
He pretended to be cheerful to hide the fact that he was suffering greatly from his volatile fate.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
rá
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |