ขมขื่น
kǒm-kʉ̀ʉnMeaning
1AdjectiveB2
bitter (emotionally); painful
feeling or expressing deep bitterness, sorrow, or resentment; emotionally harsh or distressing.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยิ้มyímยิ้มyím1[to] smile2smileทั้งที่táng-tîiทั้งที่táng-tîialthough; even thoughใจjaiใจjai1heart; mind; feelings; spirit2kindness; compassion; generosity3courage; spirit; morale4intention; will; willingness5core; essence (in compounds)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnbitter (emotionally); painfulจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmความผิดหวังkwaam-pìt-wǎngความผิดหวังkwaam-pìt-wǎng1disappointment (feeling)2a disappointment; letdown (thing/event)ครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1time; occasion; instance2classifier for occurrences or timesก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; former
He smiled even though his heart was still bitter from the previous disappointment.
3 more examplesShow less
เรื่องราวrʉ̂ʉang-raaoในnaiจดหมายjòt-mǎaiเต็มไปด้วยdtem-bpai-dûuaiความขมขื่นkwaam-kǒm-kʉ̀ʉnและlɛ́ความเสียใจkwaam-sǐia-jai
The story in the letter was filled with bitterness and regret.
เธอtəəเล่าlâoประสบการณ์bprà-sòp-gaanอย่างyàangขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnราวกับraao-gàpบาดแผลbàat-plɛ̌ɛยังyangไม่mâiทันสมานtan-sà-mǎan
She recounted the experience with bitterness, as if the wound had not yet healed.
แม้mɛ́ɛเวลาwee-laaจะjàผ่านไปpàan-bpaiนานnaanคำสัญญาkam-sǎn-yaaที่tîiถูกผิดtùuk-pìtคำkamก็gɔ̂ยังyangทิ้งtíngรสชาติขมrót-châat-kǒmขื่นkʉ̀ʉnในใจnai-jaiเขาkǎo
Even after a long time, the broken promise still leaves a bitter taste in his heart.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
kǒm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ขื่นkʉ̀ʉnขื่นkʉ̀ʉn1bitter; astringent; acrid (taste)2bitter; painful; resentful (emotion)bitter; astringent; acrid (taste)Part 2
ขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnขมขื่นkǒm-kʉ̀ʉnbitter (emotionally); painfulbitter (emotionally); painfulWord