มณฑล
mon-tonMeanings
1NounB2
circle; sphere (realm)
A circular area or sphere; by extension, a realm or domain of activity or influence.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)มณฑลmon-tonมณฑลmon-ton1circle; sphere (realm)2monthon (historical administrative division)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsงานวิจัยngaan-wí-jaiงานวิจัยngaan-wí-jai1research; research study2research paper/reportนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎa1[to] study; learn2[to] research; investigate3[to] consider; look intoเฉพาะchà-pɔ́เฉพาะchà-pɔ́1exclusive (to); restricted (to)2specific; particular3exclusively; onlyพฤติกรรมprʉ́t-dtì-gamพฤติกรรมprʉ́t-dtì-gambehavior; conductผู้ใช้pûu-cháiผู้ใช้pûu-chái1user; person who uses something2user (computing/system)ออนไลน์ɔɔn-laaiออนไลน์ɔɔn-laai1online (connected to the internet)2online; on the internet
In the sphere of this research, we study only online user behavior.
3 more examplesShow less
เขาkǎoเชี่ยวชาญchîiao-chaanเฉพาะchà-pɔ́มณฑลmon-tonดนตรีแจ๊สdon-dtrii-jɛ́ɛtจึงjʉngไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iรับrápงานngaanแนวnɛɛoอื่นʉ̀ʉn
He specializes in the realm of jazz music, so he rarely takes other genres.
อิทธิพลìt-tí-ponของkɔ̌ɔngสื่อsʉ̀ʉสังคมsǎng-komได้dâaiขยายkà-yǎaiมณฑลmon-tonการสื่อสารgaan-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanสาธารณะsǎa-taa-rá-náให้hâiกว้างขึ้นgwâang-kʉ̂n
The influence of social media has expanded the domain of public communication.
ปัญญาประดิษฐ์bpan-yaa-bprà-dìtกำลังgam-langรุกคืบrúk-kʉ̂ʉpเข้าสู่kâo-sùuมณฑลmon-tonการตัดสินใจgaan-dtàt-sǐn-jaiที่tîiเคยkəəiเป็นbpenของkɔ̌ɔngมนุษย์má-nútโดยเฉพาะdooi-chà-pɔ́
Artificial intelligence is advancing into the domain of decision-making that used to belong exclusively to humans.
2NounC1
monthon (historical administrative division)
A former Thai administrative region (Monthon) used in the early 20th century, grouping several provinces; also used in proper names.
Examples
สมัยsà-mǎiสมัยsà-mǎi1period; era; age2term; tenure3during; in the time ofรัชกาลrát-chá-gaanรัชกาลrát-chá-gaanreign (of a monarch); specific numbered reignที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal marker5ประเทศไทยbprà-têet-taiประเทศไทยbprà-têet-taiThailandเคยkəəiเคยkəəi1ever; before (past experience)2used to (past habit or state)3shrimp paste (Southern Thai)แบ่งbɛ̀ngแบ่งbɛ̀ng1[to] divide; split2[to] share3[to] allocate; distribute4[to] separate; set apartการปกครองgaan-bpòk-krɔɔngการปกครองgaan-bpòk-krɔɔng1governance; government; administration; rule2form of government; regimeเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)มณฑลmon-tonมณฑลmon-ton1circle; sphere (realm)2monthon (historical administrative division)ซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationประกอบด้วยbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-dûuaiประกอบด้วยbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-dûuai[to] consist of; [to] be composed ofหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalจังหวัดjang-wàtจังหวัดjang-wàtprovince
During King Rama V’s reign, Thailand was once administratively divided into monthon, each comprising several provinces.
3 more examplesShow less
ชื่อchêuมณฑลmon-tonต่างdtàangๆ-เช่นchênมณฑลกรุงเทพฯmon-ton grung-tâypและláeมณฑลนครศรีธรรมราชmon-ton ná-kon sĕe tam-má-râatปรากฏbpraa-gòtในnaiเอกสารราชการèk-gà-săan râat-chá-gaanเก่าgào
Names of monthon, such as Monthon Krung Thep and Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat, appear in old official documents.
แม้máeระบบrá-bòpมณฑลmon-tonถูกtòokยกเลิกyók-lêrkไปแล้วbpai láewแต่dtàeนักประวัติศาสตร์nák bprà-wàt-sàatยังyangอ้างอิงâang ingมณฑลmon-tonเพื่อpêuuaอธิบายà-tí-baaiโครงสร้างkrohng sâangการปกครองgaan bpòk-krongต้นdtônพุทธศตวรรษpút-tá-sà-dtà-wátที่têe25
Although the monthon system was abolished, historians still refer to monthon to explain the administrative structure in the early 20th century.
บางbaangสถาบันsà-tǎa-banใช้cháiคำว่าkam-wâaมณฑลmon-tonในnaiชื่อchʉ̂ʉโครงการkroong-gaanเชิงวิชาการchəəng-wí-chaa-gaanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเชื่อมโยงchʉ̂ʉam-yoongกับgàpยุคyúkที่tîiมณฑลmon-tonเป็นbpenหน่วยnùuaiรวมruuamหลายlǎaiจังหวัดjang-wàtในnaiสยามsà-yǎam
Some institutions use the word “monthon” in academic project titles to connect with the era when monthon were units grouping several provinces in Siam.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is มณฑล said มณ-ทน?
mon-ton
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
mon
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |